從文本進入哲思：通識課堂的復古與創新

Understanding Philosophical Thinking from Text: Convention and Innovation in General Education Courses

林慧如(Hui-Ju Lin)

《高醫通識教育學報》 16期 (2021/12) Pp. 155-165

摘要

獨立思考是大學生應當具備的核心能力之一，然而許多學生表示自己少有思考的學習經驗，特別是進入大學之前的學習模式並未讓他們獲得所需的準備：在學習效率的考量之下，學生往往以「記憶」與「解題」的心態來面對學習教材，這導致一種不思考的學習習慣養成。經典文本的閱讀是傳統人文學科的入門功夫。本文以思考領域通識課程「哲學概論」為例，在課程中設計經典文本摘要的作業，再參照PISA測驗評量閱讀素養的項目，衡量學生的學習成果。結果發現多數學生雖能完成關鍵字詞的「擷取與檢索」，但在「統整與解釋」及「省思與評鑑」卻多有困難。這說明學生確實不熟悉掌握文本脈絡的閱讀方式。本課程藉此「近讀文本」的復古策略，引導學生重頭進行一次思想的體驗。並以此論證：在強調翻轉教育的今日，文本近讀對於思考能力的培養仍有其無可取代的重要性。

關鍵字

文本 ； 近讀 ； 獨立思考 ； 通識教育

並列摘要

Independent thinking is a major core competency required of college students. However, most students claim that they lack experiences in learning skills for independent thinking. Specifically, learning activities before college does not foster independent thinking skills in students. To facilitate learning efficiency, students tend to focus on the memorisation and problem-solving aspects of learning materials, which constitutes a learning habit that completely deters thinking. Reading classic literature is fundamental to conventional humanities studies. In this research, the task of ＂summarizing classic texts＂ was designed in the thinking field course ＂Introduction to Philosophy＂, and then the PISA reading framework was used to evaluate students' learning outcomes. The result found that although most students can complete the aspect ＂ accessing and retrieving ＂, they have difficulty in ＂ integrating and interpreting ＂ and ＂ reflecting and evaluating ＂. This shows that students are really unfamiliar with the reading method of mastering the context of the text. This study explained how the conventional method of close reading of text re-engages students in thinking. This study reveal that text close reading is irreplaceable, despite the prevalence of flipped education in current teaching models.

並列關鍵字

text ； close reading ； independent thinking ； general education