知覺教練場上行為與青少年運動員利社會及反社會行為之關係：道德解離

Perceived Coaching Behavior and Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors in Young Athletes: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement

翁正芬(Chang-Fen Weng) ； 鍾佳芸(Chia-Yun Chung) ； 黃崇儒(Chung-Ju Huang)

《臺大體育學報》 43輯 (2022/09) Pp. 29-40

https://doi.org/10.6569/NTUJPE.202209_(43).0003

摘要

過去研究已經提及教練是影響運動員社會化的重要因素，而自主支持的教練動機氣候被認為與運動員的利社會行為有關，控制的動機氣候則與反社會行為有關；特別是道德解離和運動情境中的利社會和反社會行為有密切的關係，且它可能中介情境因素和運動員道德行為之間的關係。本研究目的為探討知覺教練比賽場上行為與運動員道德解離和利社會及反社會行為之間的關係，同時探討道德解離的中介效果。以北部之國中團隊項目男生運動員為研究對象，在練習期間的休息時間進行問卷調查，包括：知覺教練利社會與反社會行為、運動員道德解離、及運動員利社會與反社會行為等量表，總計收集360份有效問卷。教練場上的利社會行為可以正向地顯著預測運動員的利社會行為；教練場上的反社會行為、運動員道德解離正向地顯著預測運動員的反社會行為，教練場上的反社會行為會促進運動員的道德解離而增加反社會行為。當運動員知覺在比賽時，教的場上行為是較具有運動家精神時，運動員會以教練為榜樣，進而展現社會為。而當教在場上展現出反社會行為時，則會引發運動員的道德解離，容使運動員產生較多的反社會為。本研究發現教練行為會影響到年輕運動員的利社會和反社會行為，要減少運動員的非道德行為必須適度聚焦在教練行為的改變上。

關鍵字

教練領導 ； 道德發展 ； 運動員品格 ； 青年競技運動

並列摘要

Researchers have argued that coaches are one of the key socializing agents in athletes' lives. Coach created autonomous-supportive motivational climate is positively associated with prosocial behavior and controlled motivational climate is positively associated with antisocial behavior in athletes. There is also evidence that moral disengagement is closely related to antisocial and prosocial behaviors in a sport context. Therefore, moral disengagement may play a mediating role in the relationship between contextual climate and athletes' moral behavior. This study explored the relationships among coaching behaviors, moral disengagement and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in junior high school athletes and examined the mediating role of moral disengagement within these relationships. Participants were 360 male team-sports athletes from 19 junior high schools in Northern Taiwan. Data were collected by administering a battery of questionnaires including perceived coaches' prosocial and antisocial behaviors, athletes' moral disengagement, and athletes' prosocial and antisocial behaviors under resting settings. The pro-social behaviors of coaches during games positively predicted athletes' pro-social behaviors, and the anti-social behaviors of coaches and athletes' moral disengagement positively predicted athletes' anti-social behaviors. Besides, the anti-social behaviors of coaches during games indirectly impacted athletes' anti-social behaviors via increased moral disengagement. When athletes experience positive emotions and behaviors of their coaches during games, they are more likely to view their coaches as a role model and then exhibit pro-social behaviors towards teammates and opponents. On the contrast, when coaches show anti-social behaviors during games, these negative behaviors may trigger an increased level of athletes' moral disengagement; in turn, athletes may demonstrate antisocial behaviors more frequently. The findings indicate that as coaching style influences prosocial and antisocial behavior among young athletes, it should be targeted when interventions aimed at reducing their immoral behavior are developed.

並列關鍵字

coach leadership ； moral development ； athletes' character ； youth sport

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