探討自覺壓力與運動習慣對身體質量指數的影響

目的：探討自覺壓力與運動習慣對身體質量指數（BMI）之影響，並利用路徑分析法，分析飲食行為的中介效果。方法：採橫斷面研究設計，研究對象以台中市某科大學生為母群體，母體班級數為300班。採分層比例隨機群集抽樣，抽出32班，再進行廳堂測驗。問卷採結構式問卷，分別為：自覺壓力量表、飲食行為量表、運動習慣、身體質量指數與人口學資料，施測期間為2018年10月至2019年1月，有效問卷回收數518份。結果：性別以女性居多佔80.9%，學院別以醫護學院佔29.3%居多。受訪者有66.2%沒運動習慣，在有運動習慣的受訪者中，以每月運動2次居多佔72.3%。在自覺壓力上，74.5%受訪者感覺壓力有點大，23%感覺壓力很大。在飲食行為分析上，有63%屬情緒性進食，23%屬限制性進食，14%屬環境性進食。在BMI分析上，有28%受訪者屬正常範圍（18-22），體重過重者有39.8%，體重肥胖者有32.2%。在推論模型分析上，自覺壓力對BMI指數有顯著正相關（p＜.05），其對運動習慣則呈顯著負相關（p＜.05）。飲食行為對於自覺壓力與運動習慣，兩者皆有顯著之部分中介效果（p＜.05）。結論：有三分之二受訪者BMI指數過高，而BMI指數會受自覺壓力、運動習慣與飲食行為三者之影響。建議：運動可增進身體的新陳代謝，舒緩心理的壓力。因此，建議民眾宜多加運動、注意飲食與保持身心協調，如此可維持正常健康的BMI指數。

關鍵字

自覺壓力；運動習慣；身體質量指數；飲食行為

並列摘要

Purpose: To study the effect of perceived stress (PS) and exercise habit(EH)on body mass index(BMI), and to analyze the mediation effect of diet behavior (DB) by route analysis. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, the population was college students in Taichung which included 300 classes. Used a stratified random cluster sampling to select up 32 classes, and after then made a survey in a classroom. Regarding to the design of the questionnaire, we used a structure questionnaire that included perceived stress scale (PSS), dutch diet behavior instrument(DDBI), EH, BMI, and demography. This survey was executed from 2018/10 to 2019/01, and collected 518 validated cases totally. Results: The most was female in gender, it was 80.9%, and the medical college accounted for 29.3% of the colleges. 66.2% of the respondents have no EH. Among those with EH, 72.3% of them had EH twice a month. In terms of PS, 74.5% of the respondents felt a little bit stressed, and 23% felt a lot of pressure. 63% of eating behaviors (EBs) are emotional eating, 23% are restricted eating, and 14% are environmental eating. In the BMI analysis, 28% of the respondents were in the normal range (18-22), 39.8% were overweight, and 32.2% were obese. In the inferred model analysis, PS has a significant positive correlation with BMI index, and it had a significant negative correlation with EHs. EBs had a significant partial mediating effect on both PS and EHs (p＜.05). Conclusions: Two-thirds of the respondents had a high BMI index, and the BMI index will be affected by three factors: PS, EHs and EBs. Suggestion: Exercise can increase the body's metabolism and relieve psychological pressure. Therefore, it is recommended for people who should exercise more, pay attention to diet, and maintain physical and mental coordination, so as to maintain a normal and healthy BMI index.