來自「東方」的聲音圖景：江文也作品的異國情調與民族追尋

An Exotic Rhythm from the East: The Oriental Imagery and the Quest of Ethnic Identity in Jiang, Wen-Ye's Compositions

張琬琳(Chang Wan-lin)

《中正漢學研究》 36期 (2020/12) Pp. 81-106

摘要

二十世紀初，在國際間崛起的各國勢力，加速了各民族內部自我整頓與反省的動力，東方音樂家學習西方音樂，也試圖以西方音樂的樂制，來整建自我民族內部的音樂紋理。東方音樂家欲望著西方，希冀能登上國際音樂舞臺；西方樂壇也期待從東方音樂家那裡，聽見西方人能夠「聽得懂」的「東方聲音」。在東／西方彼此期待、渴望之間，音樂本身被賦予極大的感官寓意，對西方人而言，帶有異國情調的音樂，尤其能夠吸引他們的目光；對於東方音樂家而言，這些「東方」的元素，卻是取自於不同民族風土的獨特聲音。本文聚焦臺灣近代音樂家江文也，以近年來新出版的傳記、日記和音樂作品全集，以及本論文作者近年於歐洲搜集的史料為分析佐證，探討江文也「屬於自己／東方的聲音」創作，如何引發西方樂壇對於「東方聲音」的想像。

關鍵字

東方想像 ； 國民樂派 ； 臺灣舞曲 ； 布拉格國際音樂節 ； 奧林匹克運動會藝術競賽

並列摘要

The early twentieth century was a century that had the two global-scale World Wars between world powers across continents and oceans. Rising nationalism and increasing national awareness became a major political issue in general society. Eastern musicians reflected on the issue and diligently learned Western music system to get a remarkable grasp of it. Because they knew well the so-called Oriental music sounds must be rooted in the Western music theory to be able to compete among nations by international standards. On one hand, Eastern musicians desired to be seen and rival upon the world stage; on the other hand, Western musicians looked forward to hearing pure Oriental music sounds from the East. However, for Taiwanese composer Jiang, Wen-Ye, the Oriental music sounds are not the ones of a traditional and exotic concept. Traditionally, the Oriental music sounds derive its flavor from the pentatonic scale and use traditional Chinese musical instruments to play. It is under such circumstances Jiang, Wen-Ye compose beautiful musical forms that embody his love and respectful duty to the Taiwanese motherland throughout frequent international music events and competitions.

並列關鍵字

oriental imagination ； nationalism in music ； Formosan Dance ； Prague Spring International Music Festival ； Art Competitions at the Summer Olympics

參考文獻

〔德〕Berlin Verlag Allgemeine Musikzeitung, Allgemeine Musikzeitung,1930-1936.

〔捷〕Boleslav Vomáčka a Stanislav Hanuš, Tempo:listy Hudební Matice, Praha:Hudební Matice Umělecké Besedy,Červenec,1947.07.

〔義〕La Biennale di Venezia, La Biennale di Venezia Festival Internazionale di Musica Contemporanea

〔德〕Organisationskomitee für die XI. Olympiad Berlin, The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936, Official Report Volume II.

〔捷〕Praha:Společnost Hudební rozhledy, Hudební rozhledy,1924-1954.