日治時期臺東廳一般行政區原住民教育探討－以臺東廳馬蘭社、卑南社為例

本文主要討論日治時期東部臺灣部分的原住民，所指為當時居住所謂一般行政區的「蕃人」。蕃人應該居住蕃地，是一般最直覺的思考，但是東部臺灣卻有部分原住民長期以來即不居住蕃地，而在平地生活；卻又不是當時，或現在所認定的「熟蕃」或「平埔族」。這些人主要包括現在所謂的阿美族、卑南族與一部分排灣族。對於日治時期東部臺灣一般行政區的原住民，因為是「蕃」，卻不住「蕃地」而住一般行政區，故從行政到教育，皆因應此特殊性而有不同的措施與統治方式，本文從相關這些原住民的政策規劃出發，最後將內容聚焦在教育議題上。全文分成四段，第一段為前言，第二段為日治前期東部臺灣「一般行政區」原住民的行政調查，第三段一般行政區原住民教育，第四段為小結。

關鍵字

日治時期；臺東廳；原住民教育

並列摘要

This paper discusses the banjin or ”savages” who lived in ordinary administrative regions in eastern Taiwan during Japanese colonial rule. One instinctively assumes that aborigines of the colonial period lived in the mountainous ”savage lands” (banchi) which were governed separately from the rest of Taiwan; these aborigines, however, did not. They were not what we now call ”cooked” (assimilated) aborigines or plains aborigines, but ”raw” aborigines belonging mainly to the Amis, Puyuma, and Paiwan tribes. As ”savages” residing in ordinary administrative regions where ”people” predominated, these aborigines were governed and educated in a unique way. This paper traces the formulation of policy toward these aborigines, focusing particularly on educational issues. It is divided into four parts: an introduction, a survey of aborigines of ordinary administrative regions in eastern Taiwan and how the Japanese governed them, a discussion of these aborigines' education, and a short conclusion.