The Effect of Physical Activity on Preventing Cancer

運動預防癌症的效果

陳杰(Chieh Chen)

《童綜合醫學雜誌》 15卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 4-11

https://doi.org/10.3966/207135922021061501002

摘要

By 2030, patients over the age of 65 will account for 70% of all cancer patients. In terms of cancer mortality, the elderly have a much higher incidence of death by cancer than do the younger populations. Some types of cancer, such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer, may result from hormone imbalances in the human body. Scientific evidence has confirmed that about one-third of cancers are caused by lifestyle behaviors, such as body mass index, a diet low in fruit and vegetables, smoking, alcohol use, and a lack of physical activity. A vast body of analyses and studies of the strategizing of cancer prevention, research, and public health have concluded that the risks of cancer death can be divided into internal and external factors. The internal factors include inherited genetic variations, whereas the external factors are UV radiation, ionizing radiation, and carcinogens. Those factors may maliciously interplay with each other, leading to the rapid growth of cancer and death. This review summarizes the advancement in the knowledge of the risks of cancer and the advantages of increasing physical activity in fighting cancer. As exercise medicine is a substantial benefit against cancer, rather than a cliché, increasing the level of exercise may not only decrease cancer risk, but also help individuals live a longer and better life. Therefore, it has been shown that more and regular exercise can reduce the incidence rates of cancer via the secretion of myokines by skeletal muscle cells during exercise. In other words, the health benefits associated with exercise may occur through different types of physiological mechanisms, which may result in a lower incidence of cancer among individuals who engage in regular exercise.

關鍵字

cancer prevention ； exercise prescription ； cytokine ； elderly population ； endocrine

並列摘要

2030年，65歲以上人口將佔所有癌症患者的70%。就癌症死亡率而言，老年人比年輕人的死亡率高得多；某些癌症可能是由於人體荷爾蒙所致，例如：乳癌，結直腸癌和前列腺癌。科學家證實約三分之一的癌症，是由不良生活型態所引起，例如BMI過高，蔬果攝取不足，吸菸，酗酒和缺乏身體活動。關於預防癌症，許多研究結果與公共衛生的大數據分析的結論：癌症死亡風險可以分為內在與外部因素；內部因素包含遺傳基因；外部因素則有紫外線照射、日常生活的輻射暴露和接觸致癌物質等；這些因素可能相互作用，而導致癌症死亡率增加。本文獻回顧關於罹患癌症風險的因子，及增加身體活動對於降低癌症發生的好處；運動醫學對於癌症預防不僅具有臨床證據效益；而且增加身體活動量還可以降低部分癌症的發生風險，並可以提升人類的生活品質；結論已經證實，增加規律的運動，可以促進運動期間肌肉分泌的細胞激素，降低癌症的發生率，透過不同的生理機制進行鍛煉，可能會對健康帶來益處。

並列關鍵字

癌症預防 ； 運動處方 ； 細胞激素 ； 老年族群 ； 內分泌