臺灣加入區域經濟整合的現況及挑戰

區域經濟整合是指一個鄰近的地理區域內，兩個以上的國家或政治實體彼此協調，形成一個特殊的經濟實體，共同採行某些措施以促進彼此間的經濟合作關係，逐步廢除彼此間在商品、服務以及以生產因素流動上的限制或障礙，使商品、服務與生產資源的市場逐漸合一的過程。其利弊得失難定，縱是貿易強國，其所帶來的規模經濟效益和競爭優勢，也可能使區域內的優惠差幅相對縮小。優勢相對遞減，所付出的成本增高，而破壞區域外的平衡發展。且沉溺於區域內部的貿易利潤，也可能使全球貿易自由化落空。只是若以臺灣全球策略性佈局來說，連結亞太經貿圈應為目前最務實的做法，而融入區域經濟整合則是具體的實現方針。但簽訂自由貿易協定，非單純之經濟談判，也有政治戰略考量。如何在邁向經濟自由化中，減少政治、社會阻力，則是臺灣現階段的首要難題。臺灣若以亞太市場的最佳門戶為使命，如何吸引跨國企業在臺設立區域營運總部是一貫的要務。挑戰區域經貿整合全球化是當前各國的經貿趨勢，簽署與否，都難置身事外，運用得宜，在政治現實與戰略安全壓力下，仍可維護國內產品的國際競爭力及確保臺灣市場利益，若不謹慎處置，高關稅與貿易投資移轉的不利衝擊則可能星火燎原。

關鍵字

區域經濟整合；區域貿易協定；跨太平洋夥伴協定；區域全面經濟夥伴關係；自由經濟示範區

並列摘要

Regional economic integration is a special economic entity formed by neighboring countries or political entities through entering into an agreement. This process allows countries to encourage trade between neighbors by conducting certain policies. It also removes all barriers or restrictions regarding products, services, and manufacturing elements in an attempt to integrate products and services with the market. Countries with economic advantages do not necessarily benefit from this regional economic integration. The economies of scale and competitiveness of these countries can possibly reduce the preferential margin in the region, increase cost of the production, and destroy the balanced development outside the region. Moreover, excessive dependence on trading profits can probably lead to the fall of global trade liberalization. From the perspective of global allocation, the most pragmatic approach for Taiwan is to join Asia-pacific economic circle through regional economic integration. However, signing free trade agreement covers both economic negotiation and political strategies. It is important for Taiwan to diminish political and social barriers while marching toward economic liberalization. The first priority for Taiwan to participate in Asia-pacific market will be to attract multinational enterprises to establish regional headquarters in Taiwan. This requirement also becomes a trend for any country which wishes to take part in regional economic integration during globalization. With proper use of regional economic integration, it can maintain domestic products' competitiveness in the international market as well as ensure Taiwan's market interest regardless of political situation and security pressure. On the other hand, high tariff and trade and investment transfer can also lead to serious consequences if cares are not taken care of properly.

並列關鍵字

Regional Economic Integration ； Regional Trade Agreement ； Trans-Pacific Partnership ； Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ； Free Economic Pilot Zones

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臺灣加入區域經濟整合的現況及挑戰

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