某大學B型肝炎帶原學生自我照顧行為之探討－Orem自我照顧缺失理論之應用

Applying Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory to Explore the Self-Care Behaviors of University Students as Hepatitis B Carriers

王婉璇(Woan-Shyuan Wang) ； 黃子庭(Tzu-Ting Huang) ； 靳燕芬(Yen-Fan Chin) ； 魏真真(Chen-Chen Wei)

《護理暨健康照護研究》 6卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 172-182

https://doi.org/10.6225/JNHR.6.3.172

摘要

背景　B型肝炎病毒是台灣地區慢性肝病最重要的危險因子，而B型肝炎帶原者得到肝癌的比率為非帶原者的100倍之多，所以瞭解B型肝炎帶原者的自我照顧行為及其相關因素是很重要的課題。
目的　應用Orem自我照顧缺失理論，探討桃園縣某大學B型肝炎帶原學生自我照顧行為及其相關因素與預測因子。
方法　採橫斷式相關性研究設計，以126位B型肝炎帶原學生為研究對象，使用結構式問卷收集資料。
結果　B肝帶原學生的自我照顧行為總量表標準化得分為73.44，次量表中標準化得分最高者為「菸酒嗜好」(91.50)及「使用藥物偏方」(91.17)，另標準化得分最低者為「睡眠型態」(54.17)及「定期返診」(58.83)，表示大部分的學生不使用菸酒、非處方藥物及保肝秘方，但是常熬夜、睡眠時數少以及執行定期檢查的比率偏低；此外，「自我照顧需求」為B肝帶原學生的自我照顧行為最重要的預測因子，其可解釋的變異量為29.4%，其次為「自我效能」及「B型肝炎知識」，共可解釋34.2%的變異量。
結論／實務應用　在護理實務方面，建議在大學校園執行B型肝炎帶原學生個案管理時，應推動定期檢查、有效時間管理及賦能式衛生教育等。此外，在研究方面，建議未來可以增加收案場所、採用縱向式研究設計，以及進一步測試問卷的信、效度。

關鍵字

B型肝炎 ； 自我照顧行為 ； Orem自我照顧缺失理論 ； 大學生

並列摘要

Background: The hepatitis B virus is the most important risk factor of chronic liver diseases in Taiwan. Hepatitis B carriers have a 100-fold relative risk of developing liver cancer compared with non-carriers. Therefore, understanding the self-care behavior and related factors of hepatitis B carriers is important.
Purpose: This study applied Orem's self-care deficit theory to investigate the self-care behaviors and related factors of hepatitis B carriers in one university located in Taoyuan County, northern Taiwan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 126 college students with hepatitis B and collected data using structured questionnaires.
Results: Results found standardized scores for student self-care behaviors of students to average 73.44. Highest standardized subscale scores for self-care behaviors were smoking-drinking habits (91.50) and taking folk medicine prescriptions (91.17). The lowest were sleeping patterns (54.17) and regular follow-up (58.83). These showed that the most students did not smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol or take folk medicines, but often kept late hours and had a generally low level of regular medical follow-up. Self-care demand, which explained 29.4% of variance, was found to be the most important predictor of self-care behaviors profile. Other predictors included self-efficacy and knowledge of hepatitis B, which, between the two, explained 34.2% of variance.
Conclusions/Implications for Practice: From the perspective of nursing practice, we suggested strategies to enhance regular follow-up, time management and health education empowerment for hepatitis B carriers studying at university. In addition, future studies should broaden the scope of research to include numerous sampling locations and use a longitudinal study. Lastly, measuring tool reliability and validity should be tested further.

並列關鍵字

hepatitis B ； self-care behavior ； Orem's self-care deficit theory ； university student