德里達的「非傳統形上學」－從德里達「解構」胡塞爾記號現象學的觀點看

Derrida's Non-traditional Metaphysics-from the Perspective of Derrida's Deconstruction of Husserl's Phenomenology of Sign

鄧文韜(Man-To Tang)

《華岡哲學學報》 3期 (2011/06) Pp. 77-92

https://doi.org/10.29988/HKJP.201106.0004

摘要

德里達(J. Derrida)作為後現代思潮、解構主義的領軍人物，其思想往往被標籤為「有破壞無建設」。甚至認為經過他的解構，哲學（特別是形上學）已被破壞，變得毫無價值。然而，本文的旨趣是說明德里達如何藉解構傳統形上學，閞出一種新式形上學。德里達認為傳統形上學是「現/在形上學」(metaphysics of presence)。「現／在形上學」強調「現在／顯在」作為本原優越性的重視。胡塞爾的記號現象學正正是「現／在形上學」的「明顯」例子。德里達藉書寫差異的特例，對胡塞爾記號的現象學的解構，突顯「延異」(differance)和「踪跡」(trace)。因為「延異」和」踪跡」作為「非顯在」是「顯在」之所以可能的背景。

關鍵字

形上學 ； 解構 ； 延異 ； 踪跡 ； 德里達 ； 胡塞爾

並列摘要

J. Derrida is one the leaders of post-modernism and deconstructionism. His thought is always regarded as ”merely destruction without contribution”. Some think that philosophy is destructed and becomes unworthy. However, this paper aims at explaining how Derrida opens a new kind of metaphysics by deconstructing traditional metaphysics. Derrida regards traditional metaphysics as metaphysics of presence. Metaphysics of presence emphasizes ”now/presence” as the origin and ultimate ground. And Husserl is regarded as the most typical example of metaphysics of presence. Derrida then makes use of writing difference to deconstruct Husserl phenomenology of sign, and finally shows that the possibility of presence must have differance and trace as the background.

並列關鍵字

metaphysics ； deconstruction ； differance ； trace ； Derrida ； Husserl

參考文獻

Derrida, Jacques(2002).Acts of Religion.New York:Routledge.

Derrida, Jacques,Allison, D. B.(Ed. Trans.),Garver, N.(Ed. Trans.)(1973).Speech and Phenomena.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.

Husserl, Edmund(1982).Ideas.The Hague:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Moran, D.(ed.),Mooney, T.(ed.)(2002).The Phenomenology Reader.London:Routledge.

Reynolds, J.(ed.),Roffe, J.(ed.)(2004).Understanding Derrida.London:Continuum.