Defense of Supererogation and Further Discussions

超義務之辯護及討論

馮琳(Lin Feng)

《華岡哲學學報》 6期 (2014/06) Pp. 27-51

摘要

超義務這一概念指的是在義務要求之上的行為。有一種觀點叫做反超義務論，否定存在著道德上好但是並非義務的行為。我將通過反駁反超義務論的論證，以及探討義務和超義務之區別，來論證超義務的合理性。此外，探討超義務的屬性也可以為其自身提供額外的辯護。另外，我將會證明一種有別於準義務的超義務論和非準義務的超義務論的觀點。

關鍵字

超義務 ； 反超義務 ； 超義務的行為

並列摘要

Supererogation is a concept for a class of acts that go beyond the call of obligation. There is a view called anti-supererogation denying there is such an act that both morally good and not obligatory. I will defend supererogation by showing that arguments on anti-supererogation fall in denying supererogation, and by discussing the distinction between obligation and supererogation. Also, discussion on the properties of supererogation can provide additional defense of supererogation. Furthermore, I will justify a viewpoint which is different from Qualified supererogationism and Unqualified supererogationism.

並列關鍵字

supererogation ； anti-supererogation ； supererogatory acts

參考文獻

Darwall, Stephen(2009).The Second-Person Standpoint: Morality, Respect, and Accountability.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.

Driver, Julia(1992).The Suberogatory.Australasian Journal of Philosophy.70,286-295.

Jacobs, Russell A.(1987).Obligation, Supererogation and Self-sacrifice.Philosophy.62,96-101.

Liberto, Hallie R.(2012).Denying the Suberogatory.Philosophia.40,395-402.

Mill, John S.(1951).Utilitarianism, Liberty, and Representative Government.New York:E.P. Dutton.