〈牡丹亭題辭〉「待掛冠而為密」考論

The Textual Research Of ＂Rely on hanging the hairpin on the hat to geting intimate＂ (待掛冠而為密) in the Peony Pavilion Inscription

張鑫誠(Zhang, Xin-cheng)

《東吳中文線上學術論文》 55期 (2021/09) Pp. 1-19

摘要

湯顯祖〈牡丹亭題辭〉中有「必因薦枕而成親，待掛冠而為密者」句，其中「掛冠」一詞若以「罷官」意解之，於文意語境皆不合，坊間注本已成通行，亟待釐清。〈題辭〉中此句出自於初唐釋道世《法苑珠林》。考得此處「掛冠」一詞之用法實際上源於司馬相如〈美人賦〉「玉釵掛臣冠，羅袖拂臣衣」句。「掛冠而爲密」中「掛冠」乃上宮之美人掛玉釵於司馬相如冠，「密」即親密之意。釋道世因之以指代男女歡好之事，說明耽於淫邪之弊。湯顯祖〈題辭〉中襲用道世此聯，運用「掛冠為密」以否定一般人流於形骸的愛情觀，《牡丹亭》旨在突顯「真情」與「至情」。由釐清「掛冠為密」之真正含義，明晰湯顯祖《牡丹亭》意在突破才子佳人形體相親的故事模式，而推崇對超越形骸生死至情。

關鍵字

《牡丹亭》 ； 湯顯祖 ； 〈美人賦〉 ； 《法苑珠林》 ； 掛冠

並列摘要

In Tang XianZu's Peony Pavilion Inscription, there are a sentence ＂Be sure to rely on her bringing pillows or hanging jade hairpins on my hat to make lovers fall in love(必因薦枕而成親，待掛冠而為密者)＂ .If the meaning of resignation is used to explain ＂Hanging the hairpin on the hat(掛冠) ＂, in the meaning and context are not smooth. But the annotated books on the market have become so widely circulated that the problem urgently needs to be solved.The sentence of the Peony Pavilion Inscription is coming from Shi DaoShi's Fa Yuan Zhu Lin in the early Tang Dynasty. According to the textual research, the usage of the phrase ＂ Hanging the hairpin on the hat(掛冠) ＂ here actually comes from the sentence ＂ She hung the jade hairpin on my hat and touched my dress with her sleeve(玉釵掛臣冠，羅袖拂臣衣)＂ in SiMa XiangRu's Mei Ren Fu. ＂Rely on hanging the hairpin on the hat to geting intimate (待掛冠而為密)＂ is what the beauty of the upper palace brought up the hat of Sima Xiangru, the jade hairpin, and then got close to him. Shi Daoshi used this allusion to refer to sex as a way to illustrate the detriment of indulgence. Tang Xianzu followed his words, and with the use of ＂ Rely on hanging the hairpin on the hat to geting intimate (待掛冠而為密)＂ to deny the general view of love flows in the skeleton. Peony Pavilion aims to highlight the ＂true feelings＂ and ＂supreme feelings＂. By clarifying the true meaning of ＂ Rely on hanging the hairpin on the hat to geting intimate (待掛冠而為密)＂, we can know that Tang Xianzu's ＂The Peony Pavilion＂ aims to break through the story mode of carnal love between the talented man and the beautiful woman, and advocates the supreme affection beyond the body, life and death.

並列關鍵字

The Peony Pavilion ； Tang XianZu ； Mei Ren Fu ； Fa Yuan Zhu Lin ； Hanging the hairpin on the hat (掛冠)