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親緣關係鑑定偽陽性率之評估

The Evaluation of False Positive Rates in Relationship Tests

摘要


刑事實務上在遇到無親子關係之親屬可供直接進行親子比對之案件時,僅能以親子以外之親屬進行其他親緣關係比對,對於此種情形,財團法人全國認證基金會與社團法人台灣鑑識科學學會修訂「親緣DNA鑑定實驗室認證技術規範」,特別增列「其他親緣關係之鑑定……當無法排除時,其親緣指數亦應達10,000以上,若未達10,000以上時,其偽陽性率應低於0.0001」之要求。為符合此新增要求,本研究針對常見之親緣關係,分別以15組與20組STR基因位組合進行不同偽陽性率下之親緣指數分布評估,俾利提供各親緣鑑定實驗室在進行此類案件鑑定所需最小親緣指數之參考。本研究結果發現若以偽陽性率0.0001為標準,則以15組基因位進行分析之最小親緣指數分別為187、192、193、195及22(依手足、半手足、祖孫、叔姪及表兄弟等5種親屬關係);以20組基因位進行分析之最小親緣指數分別為116、285、290、290及37。若以偽陽性率0.00001為標準進行模擬計算,以15組基因位進行分析之最小親緣指數分別為1234、585、588、597及38;以20組基因位進行分析之最小親緣指數分別為1020、1023、1046、1046及70,此結果亦可作為各親緣鑑定實驗室進行其他親緣關係鑑定之參考。

並列摘要


Different forensic relationship tests could be applied when lineal relatives are not available. The false positive rate is recommended as less than 0.0001 in such tests following the revised technical guidance issued by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation. In this study, the minimal relationship index of different relationships (sibling, half-sibling, grandparent-child, uncle-nephew, and cousin) was evaluated for different false positive rates with 15 and 20 STR loci respectively. When the false positive rate was set as 0.0001, the minimal relationship indexes are 187, 192, 193, 195, and 22 with 15 STR loci. The ratios are 116, 285, 290, 290, and 37 with 20 STR loci. A lower false positive rate (0.00001) was also evaluated in this study. The minimal relationship indexes are 1234, 585, 588, 597, and 38 with 15 STR loci, and 1020, 1023, 1046, 1046, and 70 with 20 STR loci respectively. The result could provide statistical data for forensic DNA laboratories to deal with relationship tests.

參考文獻


謝幸媚、林彥仰、蔡麗琴、李俊億:不同數量之STR基因應用於二人手足關係鑑定之可靠性評估。台灣法醫學誌 2015;7(1):48-55. doi:10.6134/tjfm.2015.0701.04
李俊億、余玉貞、曾麗慧:台灣漢人22個STR基因之分析。台灣法醫學誌 2013;5(2):1-8. doi:10.6134/tjfm.2013.0502.01
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