玉山國家公園園區步道系統防災地圖

HAZARD PREVENTION MAP OF THE TRAIL SYSTEM IN THE YUSHAN NATIONAL PARK

康耿豪(KENG-HAO KANG) ； 楊舜行(SHUN-HSING YANG) ； 黃明萬(MING-WAN HUANG) ； 羅楚鈞(CHU-CHUN LO) ； 鄭又珍(YU-CHEN CHENG) ； 李國維(KUO-WEI LI) ； 張雅慈(YA-TZU CHANG) ； 潘以文(YII-WEN PAN) ； 廖志中(JYH-JONG LIAO)

《工程環境會刊》 39期 (2019/12) Pp. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.6562/JEE.201912_(39).0001

摘要

玉山國家公園幅員遼闊達十萬五千多公頃，海拔高度分佈由300公尺至3952公尺，地形平均海拔高度2500公尺，平均坡度65%（約33度），地形陡峭峻險，百岳山峰多達30座，為一典型的高山國家公園。玉山國家公園內通達聯絡主要依靠步道系統，中、高級登山步道包含玉山群峰線等10條，每年攀登者高達數萬人。然由於地震、颱風、強降雨等天然災害頻傳，登山步道難免存在潛在危險，威脅登山客生命財產的安全。本文旨在透過現地調查瞭解步道中的潛在災害並進行評估與分級，提出玉山國家公園園區步道系統防災地圖，讓登山遊客認識所處周遭環境的災害，期使天然災害發生時提供登山遊客之自我抗災與避災資訊，降低步道災害發生時所造成的遊客意外。為建置玉山國家公園之步道路線防災地圖，本文首先針對玉山國家公園區域進行基本資料蒐集、規劃進行步道災害現地調查、分析評估邊坡破壞類型與破壞原因，結果顯示岩屑崩滑為主要的邊坡破壞模式，風化解壓與蝕溝沖蝕為主要之邊坡破壞原因，再依據調查與災害分級結果繪製玉山國家公園之防災地圖，共計完成玉山國家公園園區內51幅之防災地圖（比例尺1／50000、1／25000、1／10000）。

並列摘要

The Yushan National Park covers an area of 105,490 hectares with spectacular views of high mountains; more than 30 mountains in this national park have their peaks over 3,000 meters. Within the park, the elevation distribution ranges from 300 to 3,952 meters with the average elevation 2,500 meters and the average slope 65% (33°). The hiking trails of the park, especially the Yushan Peak trail, attract tens of thousands of mountain climbers every year. However, frequent earthquakes, heavy rains and typhoons have caused natural hazards repeatedly. As a result, there are potential hazards because of slope failures along the hiking trails, which may threaten hikers' safety. The aim of this study is to produce hazard prevention map of the trail system in the Yushan National Park. Potential hazards along the trails were evaluated and classified through field investigations. The hazard prevention map was produced through data collection / analysis, field investigation of unstable slopes, and the evaluation of slope failure types and causes. According to the study, the major type of slope failure is debris slide; the major causes of slope failure can be attributed to rock weathering, stress relief and gully erosion. Fifty-one hazard prevention maps were produced in various scales (1/50,000, 1/25,000 and 1/10,000). The hazard prevention maps allow the hikers to be aware of potential hazards in advance and to be cautious of the possible dangers along the trails.