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組合BIM與結構分析設計之工程初期成本估算模式

CONCEPTUAL COST ESTIMATION MODEL BY INTEGRATING BIM AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

摘要


營建工程專案初期階段(包括可行性研究與綜合規劃)設計方案之決策,除須考量所產生之設計方案是否符合業主的需求(例如造型與坪數)之外,亦須注意所概估之專案成本是否在預算額度內。惟當某方案符合需求與成本後,後續在設計階段(初步設計或細部設計)卻可能不符結構分析之結果,而須重新調整需求或變更設計並再檢視是否符合預算額度,如此將導致因設計重工而浪費設計人力與時間。換言之,若能在專案初期階段,即同時考慮設計需求、成本與結構分析等決策因素,當皆滿足此三項因素的考量後,才繼續後續設計作業,則應更能有效提高工程初期的執行成效,為此,本研究提出一套考慮結構分析設計的工程初期成本估算模式。本研究所提模式乃建立於建築資訊模型(BIM)上,在工程初期建立建物之BIM模型後,利用ETABS對該模型進行結構分析設計之評估,使建物於工程初期即符合結構安全之需求。同時,亦將經結構分析與設計後之配筋資訊整合於BIM模型中,以做為後續數量計算之用。之後便可以Navisworks進行工項數量計算,並以公共工程委員會所提供之工項單價為依據,再透過PCCES將工項數量與單價整合,獲得考量結構分析設計之初期估算成本。最後,本研究透過一校園建物進行案例測試,研究成果顯示,有無考量結構分析對工程初期成本估算之影響甚鉅,此模式在工程實務上應為值得參考之作法。

並列摘要


In the early stages of construction projects (including feasibility study and conceptual planning stages), the designers not only need to consider whether the proposed plan meets the owner's requirements (the area and the layout), but also are demanded to ratify if the projected cost is under budget. However, after fulfilling the owner's requirements and the budget, the project has a high possibility of failing to meet the requirement of the structural analysis/design in the following design stages (e.g., schematic design or detailed design). If such a case arises, the designers may need to revise the original design plan which has been approved in the early project stage, resulting a design rework and a waste of man-hours and time. To overcome the aforementioned problem, this research presents a conceptual cost-estimation model created by linking ETABS (a professional software used for structural analysis and design of buildings) to the BIM-based model. That is, the proposed model aims to evaluate the three factors (owner's requirements, budget and structural analysis) simultaneously in the project early stage. The model includes five main steps: (1) establishing a BIM model using Revit, (2) applying ETABS to conduct structural analysis and design, (3) obtaining quantity takeoffs by Navisworks, (4) retrieving unit price data from estimation software, and (5) ratifying whether the projected cost meets the owner's budget. The proposed model is tested via a case building located in northern Taiwan. The results show the practical benefits of the proposed model.

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