華語聲調學習教材的設計與效果：以提升日本籍學習者的語音能力

本文針對日本籍華語學習者的學習動機以及學習與教授華語時所面臨的難題，藉由基礎能力實驗來調查適合日本籍華語初學者的訓練手法與問題設計，以克服學習上的難點並找尋較高效率的自主學習方法。在華語的教學以及關於聲調能力的調查研究中，有些研究顯示，學習經驗豐富的華語學習者，其聲調正確率低於初學者。文獻多以傳統的教學方法與練習做為單字、片語或句子的發音成效的指標。本研究以未曾學過華語的日籍學習者為對象，設計針對華語初學者對於三種教材（NHK教材，及我們設計的原型與優化版教材）的訓練，實驗後進行教材使用狀況、成績、對教材的看法產生什麼樣的影響等問卷調查。本研究除了顯示學習者對於不同的教材反映之外，還希望能提供現今聲調教學的改進方向與提示。

關鍵字

華語教材；華語聲調；發音學習；聽辨訓練；教材設計

並列摘要

The aim of this paper is to investigate the training methods and tasks that are suitable for Japanese learners to overcome the difficulties in learning Chinese. The research is essentially based on the learning motivation of Japanese learners and the difficulties they faced in learning Chinese. The main target is tone, which is quite challenging, even for learners who have studied Chinese for years. Sometimes, it is quite strange to find that senior learners production of Chinese tones is even worse than that of beginners. Further examination leads to the finding that the teaching methods of Chinese tones for Japanese learners are confined to practice and drills, more of the Audio-lingual tradition in fact. To improve Japanese learners' learning of Chinese tones, we had a new design in which training materials and evaluation of the training are compared. We investigated the impact of different material designs on the usage status, motivation, and performance of the material users. The experimental results show the learning effectiveness and potential of perceptual training. We considered that this research can provide an empirical foundation for improving Chinese tone ability in the future.