異地重建原住民社區的社會資本樣貌與作用：以阿里山得恩亞納社區為例

Social Capital's Features and Function in a Post-Disaster Relocated Indigenous Community: A Case Study of the Toeʉana in Alishan

劉晏汝(Yan-Ru Liou) ； 林貝珊(Pei-Shan Sonia Lin)

《災害防救科技與管理學刊》 10卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.6149/JDM.202103_10(1).0001

摘要

莫拉克風災過後，災情嚴重的嘉義縣阿里山鄉急需復原，而政府提供該些受災的原住民族部落以離開原鄉為主的重建方案。來吉村是阿里山上受損最嚴重的部落之一，部分受災村民同意遷離原居地以降低暴露於災害風險；然而卻不同意接受政府提出遷徙至平地的安排，進而主動爭取距來吉不遠處之152林班地作為重建基地，此即為莫拉克災後最後完成的永久屋—得恩亞納社區。本研究以深度訪談法與觀察法，探討得恩亞納社區復原重建過程社會資本的內容，並以社會網絡、互惠互信的規範及社區參與三個面向進行分析。研究發現復原重建的過程是不同尺度的社會資本作用於部落居民的結果，社區與具有不同規範的權益關係者間透過溝通、協調與合作，亦可由下而上影響其決策，因此本研究建議災後復原規劃應考量災區的社會資本形態，才能有效地推動重建工作。

關鍵字

鄒族 ； 異地重建 ； 規範 ； 社區參與 ； 災後復原

並列摘要

After the typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan in 2009, the seriously damaged Alishan Township in Chaiyi County was in urgent need of reconstruction and recovery. The government began a relocation/ resettlement project to assist the affected indigenous communities in Alishan with post-disaster recovery, including Laiji Village, which was one of the most severely damaged indigenous tribes. Some from the village accepted the government's recovery support to move away from the disaster-stricken area and reduce exposure to future hazards, whereas others refused to resettle in lowland areas and instead of asking to relocate to forest lands in the Toe'ʉana Community. This study employs in-depth interviews and observations to explore the role of social capital in the recovery process of the Toe'ʉana community by analyzing three aspects: social network, norms for reciprocal and mutual trust, and community participation. The results indicate that post-disaster recovery is a dynamic process molded by social capital across sales and it also affects the recovery decisions of residents. Through communication, coordination and cooperation, communities influence decision-making of stakeholders with different norms in bottom-up approach. The study suggests that social capital, especially that which is locally founded, should be considered in facilitating post-disaster recovery. Furthermore, contextualization of the local social capital pattern is imperative to develop an appropriate reconstruction and recovery program suitable for the affected people.

並列關鍵字

Tsou ； Relocation ； Norms ； Community participation ； Post-disaster recovery

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