女性運動員三聯症

張瑞泰 ； 陳明秀 ； 林琮智

《高師大體育》 15期 (2016/12) Pp. 71-89

https://doi.org/10.6305/PENKNU.2016.15.7

摘要

許多運動員刻意的降低能量攝取來達到自己想要的體型和體重，來達到競技的成功。女性運動員三聯症是指能量可得、月經功能和骨密度三者間的關係，並可能引起飲食不正常、閉經和骨質疏鬆症。低能量可得是導致生殖和骨骼健康的主要原因，因此，女性運動員以限制飲食的方式來達到想要的體重目標者，應注意此問題，另外除了月經週期外，所有的負面影響也同樣發生於男性運動員。本文探討女性運動員三聯症的背景、盛行率、作用機轉、預防和處理。患有女性運動員三聯症者，如果不接受治療，有可能會有健康上的問題，有關女性運動員三聯症對運動員、家長、教練、防護員和行政管理單位的教育是重要的；另外，運動員在參與運動前和每年的例行性健康檢查，應針對女性運動員三聯症加以評估；預防和治療方面建議應組成一個醫療團隊，成員包括：醫師、營養師、心理醫師和運動員本身，而治療的首要目標則為增加能量可得，包括增加能量攝取和／或降低運動的能量消耗。

關鍵字

女性運動員 ； 能量可得 ； 閉經 ； 骨質疏鬆症

並列摘要

Many athletes reduce energy availability intentionally to optimize body size and weight for competition success. The female athletes triad refers to the relationship among energy availability, menstrual functional, and bone mineral density, which may lead to eating disorders, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Low energy availability appears to be the primary factor that impairs reproductive and skeletal health, thus, restrictive eating behaviors practiced by girls and women in sports or physical activities that emphasize leanness are of special concern. This article discuss Triad background, prevalence, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Female athlete triad may have irreversible health consequences if not treated. Education of athletes, parents, coaches, trainers and administrators about triad is very important. Athletes should be assessed for the Triad at preparticipation and/or annual health screening exam. Prevention and treatment of the Triad should employ a team approach include a physician, a registered dietitian, a mental health practitioner, and for athletes with disordered eating. The primary goal of treatment for any Triad component is to increase energy availability by increasing energy intake and/or reducing exercise energy expenditure.

並列關鍵字

Female athlete ； energy availability ； amenorrhea ； osteoporosis