身體活動指導對離島地區女性高齡者功能性體適能影響與教學省思之研究

陳子建 ； 鄭漢吾

《高師大體育》 15期 (2016/12) Pp. 90-105

https://doi.org/10.6305/PENKNU.2016.15.8

摘要

本研究目的在探討身體活動指導對離島地區高齡者功能性體適能之影響與教學省思。研究對象為澎湖縣某社區經篩選過的14位65歲以上的高齡者。研究時間是為期4週，每週3次，每次約2小時，共實施12次的身體活動指導。研究方法有二部分，量的部分以SPSS 18.0統計軟體進行相依樣本t考驗，採α＝.05為顯著水準；質的部分以持續比較法分析資料。研究結果得知功能性體適能成績皆有進步，其中有五項測驗，分別為：坐椅體前彎、抓背測驗、手臂彎舉、三十秒坐姿起立及2.44公尺起身繞行，皆達顯著進步水準(p ＜ .05)；另外有兩項測驗，分別為：單腳站立、兩分鐘走路，則未達顯著(p ＞ .05)；在質性資料則分由教學計畫、教學實施與教學評量三部分進行教學省思。結論：(一)平衡感的訓練需要顧及動態與靜態平衡；(二)充分的做操能夠提升高齡者的柔軟度；(三)阻力訓練能有效的提升高齡者的肌耐力；(四)為顧及安全性的低強度活動，未能顯著提升高齡者心肺適能；(五)移動訓練能夠有效提升高齡者的敏捷性；(六)教學技巧與知能提升及適當省思有助於指導者的專業成長。建議：(一)建立臺灣高齡者功能性體適能常模(二)設計具功能性的身體活動指導(三)建立高齡者身體活動指導網路平台。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 身體活動 ； 功能性體適能 ； 教學省思

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence and instructional reflection on functional fitness of physical activity teaching for older adults in outlying islands. The participants of study were older adults over sixty-five years in a community of Penghu County. The study had physical activity teaching in twelve times totally，each was about two hours in three times per week for four weeks. The study method taking α = .05 level of significance was paired t-test with SPSS 18.0 statistical software. The results of study were that functional fitness scores progressed on the whole five of them that were chair sit-and reach test, back scratch test, arm curl test, chair stand test and 8-foot up-and-go test achieved significant progress standards(p＜0.5); but the other two tests that were one-leg stance test and 2-min walk test didn't achieve significant progress standards(p＞0.5). The conclusions of this study were as follows: (1) Balance training have to take into account the dynamic balance and the static balance. (2)Adequate exercise can enhance the flexibility of older adults. (3)Resistance training can effectively enhance the muscle endurance of older adults. (4)The cardiorespiratory fitness of older adults can't be significantly enhanced because of low intensity. (5)Moving training can effectively enhance the agility of older adults. (6)Teaching skills, pedagogical content knowledge and appropriate reflection can help the instructor's professional development. The suggestions were as follows：(1) To establish the functional fitness norm of older adults in Taiwan. (2) To design functional physical activity program for older adults. (3) To establish web platform of older adults physical activity for practice and research.

並列關鍵字

older adults ； physical activity ； functional fitness ； instructional-reflection