心理韌性與心理技能在網球運動之探討

網球運動是屬於開放性的運動項目，運動員需面對競賽場上的快速變化，心理層面同時也會面臨極大的挑戰。因此，具備穩定的心理狀態，才能維持較佳的運動表現。心理韌性為正向心理學中，其中一種關鍵的心理特徵。高心理韌性的運動員，會有較佳的心理因應策略，進而維持最佳的運動表現。心理技能為競技運動中常應用於維持運動員心理狀態的重要能力，其也被視為增進心理韌性的可能方式。本文主要目的為回顧當代聚焦於心理韌性與心理技能在運動表現之研究，並特別著重於網球運動之相關研究。期提供網球教練或運動員，維持在練習與競賽情境中心理狀態之方針。本回顧發現無論心理韌性或心理技能皆對網球運動表現有正面的效益。此外，若能在練習時，擬訂各種競賽情境之個人化因應策略，透過系統性的練習，將能更有效增進心理韌性。對於網球項目，發球前慣性動作訓練被視為網球運動增進心理韌性、提升運動表現及贏得較多次的保發球局比賽的關鍵。

關鍵字

心理技能訓練；正向心理學；競技運動

並列摘要

Tennis is classified as an open skill sport, in that the athletes face rapidly changing situations in competition, and corresponding mental challenges. It is essential for tennis competitors to have steady psychological control in order to achieve better sport performance. Mental toughness is a critical concept in the field of positive psychology. Athletes with a greater level of mental toughness will have a better coping strategy for attaining optimal sport performance. Psychological skills are applied in sport coaching for maintaining an athlete's psychological resolve and are recognized as essential for the development of mental toughness. The purpose of the present manuscript was to review those studies exploring the relationship between mental toughness and sport performance, and the relationship between psychological skill and sport performance in open skill sports, particularly tennis. The hope is to provide strategies that could maintain psychological determination in practice and competition, for coaches and athletes. The present review found that there were beneficial effects of training for mental toughness and psychological skill on tennis performance. Additionally, athletes can learn to develop individualized coping strategies for different competitive situations, in practice and use, then systematically use those strategies, so that the mental toughness will be efficiently improved. For tennis, pre-service routines were recognized as improving mental toughness, facilitating sports performance, and as a critical element for winning more service games.

並列關鍵字

mental skill training ； positive psychology ； sport

參考文獻

葉育銘、許政斌、陳優華 (2009)。優秀女子網球運動員自我對話及運動自信心之分析：質性研究之途徑。大專體育學術專刊，98，476-484．doi:10.6695/aues.200905_98.0062[Yeh, I.-M., Hsu, C.-P., & Chen, Y.-H. (2009). A qualitative study on our country outstanding female tennis athlete: Depth interview by self-talk behavior promotion movement self-confidence. Archives of University Education and Sports, 98, 476-484. doi:10.6695/aues.200905_98.0062]

董俊男、陳志榮、季力康、劉義群(2003)。優秀大專網球運動員心理技能之分析研究。大專體育學術專刊，92(1)，533-540．doi:10.6695/aues.200306_92.0054[Tung, C.-N., Chen, C.-J., Chi, L.-K., & Liu, Y.-C. (2003). The investigation on the sport psychological skills among intercollegiate tennis players. Archives of University Education and Sports, 92(1), 533-540. doi:10.6695/aues.200306_92.0054]

溫延傑 (2011a)。大專網球選手運動自信心之研究。交大體育學刊，1，59-73。doi:10.6462/JCDPE.201106.0059[Wen, Y.-C. (2011a). Collegian tennis players and discrepancies in the sport-confidence. Journal of Chiao Da Physical Education, 1, 59-73. doi:10.6462/JCDPE.201106.0059]

溫延傑 (2011b)。不同背景變項之大專網球選手運動心理堅韌性之研究。休閒運動期刊，10，123-134。doi:10.29909/IWCMAT.201108.0011[Wen, Y.-C. (2011b). Different background characteristics of mental toughness of the collegian tennis players. Leisure and Exercise, 10, 123-134. doi:10.29909/IWCMAT.201108.0011]

蕭丞邑、陳志榮、陳東韋 (2017)。國高中網球選手心理技能與心理堅韌性之差異研究。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，16(3)，80-92．doi:10.6169/ncyujpehr.16.3.06[Hsiao, C.-Y., Chen, C.-J., & Chen, T.-W. (2017). Study on differences of junior tennis player psychological skill and mental toughness. NCYU Physical Education, Health & Recreation Journal, 16(3), 80-92. doi:10.6169/ncyujpehr.16.3.06]

國際替代計量

心理韌性與心理技能在網球運動之探討

全文下載

主題瀏覽