為什麼要做義工？澳門青年參與義務工作動機的質性研究

為什麼要做義工？如何吸引青年參與義務工作？如何維繫青年義工？以上一連串的問題，相信都是很多義務工作組織者心目中最關心的問題。此研究計劃的目標，是希望整理、分析澳門青年對義務工作的參與動機及如何維持義工的積極參與。在此研究中，我們把參與動機分為內在動機和外在動機，並由此梳理出相關的問題，透過質性研究方法的焦點小組討論（對象包括：學校、企業、社會服務機構的青年義工組），分析有什麼因素促進被訪青年經常參與義務工作。在焦點小組討論的結果中，我們發現澳門青年參與義務工作，外在動機比內在動機重要，年輕一代較為重視外在的誘因，例如：有沒有朋友一起或出外交流的機會。另外，此研究也發現，年少時曾跟父母參與義務工作也是促成青年參與義務工作的重要因素。

關鍵字

青年；義務工作；內在動機；外在動機

並列摘要

Why be volunteer? How to attract young generation to participate in volunteering? How to maintain young volunteering? The above questions are the most concerned issues of many volunteer organisers. The purpose of this research project is to understand the motivation of young people in Macao to participate in volunteering and how to maintain the volunteers' involvement. In this study, we divided motivation into intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, and sorted out related issues. Through focus group discussions (including: youth volunteer groups in schools, enterprises, and social service organizations) to understand what motivates the youth to frequently engage in volunteering. Through the focus group discussion, we found that when Macao youths participate in volunteering, extrinsic motivation is more important than intrinsic motivation. The young generation pays more attention to extrinsic incentives, such as whether there are opportunities to work with friends or volunteer abroad programmes. In addition, the study also found that participating in volunteering with their parents when they were young is also a crucial factor in stimulating youth to participate in volunteering. Through this research project, we hope to help different volunteer organizations to have better understand the motivation of volunteers to participate, and to launch more appropriate volunteering plans.

並列關鍵字

Youth ； Volunteering ； Intrinsic Motivation ； Extrinsic Motivation

參考文獻

Brusse, C., & Sterelny, K. (2020). Religion and Its Evolution: Signals, Norms, and Secret Histories. Religion, Brain & Behavior, 10(3), 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2020.1783794

Cyr, J. (2019). Focus Groups for the Social Science Researcher. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316987124

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self-Determination in Personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6

Finkelstein, M. A., & Brannick, M. T. (2007). Applying Theories of Institutional Helping to Informal Volunteering: Motives, Role Identity, and Prosocial Personality. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 35(1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.101

Haers, J., & von Essen, J. (2015). Christian Calling and Volunteering. In L. Hustinx, J. von Essen, J. Haers & S. Mels (Eds.), Religion and Volunteering. Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04585-6_2

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