Just another Masterpiece: the Differences between Sun Tzu's the Art of War and Sun Bin's the Art of War

另一部《孫子兵法》：探究《齊孫臏兵法》與《吳孫子兵法》的差異性

朱文章(Sydney Wen-Jang Chu) ； 李承禹(Cheng-Yu Lee)

《健行學報》 33卷1期 (2013/01) Pp. 59-73

摘要

茅元儀說：「前孫子者，孫子不遺；後孫子者，不能遺孫子」。或許略嫌誇大，此話卻也道出孫子的影響。實際上，被尊稱為孫子者，共有孫武和其後裔孫臏兩位。兩人身世混淆產生的誤解，也影響到孫子兵法和孫臏兵法。「孫子曰」這幾個字出現次數多到讓讀者以為兵法是篤信尊師重道，諸多孫子弟子合撰，而非孫子、孫臏本人手筆。孫子與孫臏兩人對兵法都具有真知灼見，兵法上講究權謀，而非全然訴諸武力。兩人筆調相近，主題延續，價值理念也十分類似。雖然，二人有重大歧異；兩書先後寫就，時間上相差至少一百五十年，直到1972年銀雀山挖掘漢簡孫子出土為止，孫臏兵法失蹤長達兩千年之久，本文試圖解釋孫臏兵法何以銷聲匿跡2,000年的同時，孫子兵法聲勢卻日甚一日的現象。

關鍵字

孫子 ； 孫臏 ； 兵法 ； 師傅與門徒 ； 作與述

並列摘要

Mao Yuan-yi（茅元儀）asserts that, ”Those before Sunzi, their teachings essence are all absorbed into Sunzi; those after Sunzi, they can't afford to miss what Sunzi proclaimed.”（前孫子者，孫子不遺；後孫子者，不能遺孫子）Though somewhat of an exaggeration, this comment illustrates the influences Master Sun has made. In fact, there are two Master Suns, for the honorific appellation of ”Master Sun” can be understood to refer to either Sun Wu or his descendent, Sun Bin; and this has brought great confusion and misunderstanding to both treatises titled with their names: Sun Tzu's the Art of War and Sun Bin's the Art of War. The heavy use of the honorific ”Master Sun” suggests these treatises were not written by Sun Wu or Sun Bin themselves, but were the work of later disciples who wished to honor their revered masters. Sun Tzu and Sun Bin are both recognized for their intellectual and philosophical approach to warfare. They focus on both strategy and tactics equally, rather than just relying on brute force. In addition to sharing similar language, Sun Tzu and Sun Bin share similar thematic continuities, or shared values and commitments. While some similarities between Sun Bin and Sun Tzu are quite apparent, there still remain some significant differences. We take into account the fact that these two masterpieces were written nearly a century and a half apart, and it is the intention of this paper to study why Sun Bin faded away and was rediscovered eventually in a 1972 archaeological excavation after being lost for almost 2000 years, while his ancestor Sun Tzu continues to dominate Chinese military thinking till today.

並列關鍵字

Sun Tzu ； Sun Bin ； the Art of War ； Master and Disciples ； writing and transmitting