袁世凱「新建陸軍」的兵操體育

The Physical Education and Military Training Method of the Modern Army-Founded by Yuan Shih-Kai (袁世凱)

王照欽(C. C. Wang)

《大專體育學術專刊》 91年度 (上) (2002/05) Pp. 9-18

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200205_91.0002

摘要

甲午戰爭意味著自太平天國時期所籌組的湘淮軍，至此已告終。代之而起的有袁世凱的新建陸軍、張之洞的湖北軍。光緒二十一年冬，原本由胡燏芬會同洋人漢納根所練的定武軍十營，撥交由袁世凱接掌，袁世凱加募至七千人，駐紮於距離天津七十里之新農鎮，新農鎮位於天津、大沽之間，因此有了小站練兵的稱呼。袁世凱以七千兵力，以西方的兵操做為練兵的基礎，其新建陸軍最後成為清末的主要武力，並得而在後來的辛亥革命時期，成為游走操縱革命派及清朝宮廷兩端的主要實力者，其重要因素，大多奠定於此一時期的練兵。因此，有關袁氏於此期的練兵情況，及其掌控軍事的技巧，實是不可忽視的一環。研究方法：將圍繞在幾個第一手史料，依此做為論文討論的核心，以釐清該時兵操體育，從形成到其內容以及其影響的面向。這幾份史料如下：袁世凱於光緒二十一年親自編纂的《新建陸軍兵略錄存》；當時清朝對袁世凱所下達的《德宗實錄》奏折集；以及袁世凱的門客沈祖憲所輯錄袁世凱於光緒二十四年至三十三年的《養壽園奏議輯要》；南京第一檔案館，所選錄的《北京建檔案》；吳於一九三七年所撰寫，等同其回憶錄的《北洋派之起源及其崩潰》。研究目的：釐清全盤使用西方方法練兵的新建陸軍，其兵操方式，對後來北洋軍系，援用兵操體育的操練方式，對中國現代化部隊的構建，產生的影響性。

關鍵字

新建陸軍 ； 小站練兵 ； 兵操 ； 袁世凱

並列摘要

Hsian-hui Army (湘淮軍), founded by local government was disintegrated by Sino-Japanese War. The Modern Army (新建陸軍)-founded by Yuan Shih-kai (袁世凱), and Hu-pei Army (湖北軍)-by Chang Chi-dong (張之洞)-were raised instead. In 1895, the Modern Army stationed in Hsin-noun Town (新農鎮) which is located between Tien-jing (天津) and Ta-ku (大沽). Therefore, the army was named the Modern Army. The Western-training methods became the foundation for Yuan Shih-kai (袁世凱) to train the 7,000 soldiers. This method made the army become the main combat strength in the end of the Ching Dynasty. Besides, it was also the main force in Hsin-hai Revolution (辛亥革命). Therefore, the Military training method and action play important rules in military affairs. Research method: Based on original references, we try to clarify the military physical training-from its forming reasons, context to affecting aspects. Research purpose: Clarify the Western military training method adopted by the modern army, and the influences to the Chinese Modern Military.

並列關鍵字

the modern army ； military training ； Yuan Shih-kai