運動員目標涉入、自覺能力、知覺挑戰和技能間的平衡對流暢經驗頻率和強度之相關研究

A Study on the Relationship among Athletes' Goal Involvement, Self-Competence, Balance between Challenge and Skill, and the Frequency and Intensity of Flow Experience

張永進(Daniel Yung-Ching Chang) ； 盧俊宏(Frank J .H. Lu)

《大專體育學術專刊》 92年度 (上) (2003/06) Pp. 407-418

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200306_92.0041

摘要

本研究目的在結合成就目標取向與流暢經驗理論，探討其相關及影響。本研究以鐵人三項比賽選手為受試對象共98人，男93人、女生5人，平均年齡34.49（±8.44）歲，施以「目標涉入量表」、「自覺能力量」「挑戰和技能間的平衡量表」「流暢經驗量表」，以單因子、雙因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析。研究發現：（一）「目標涉入」和「自覺能力」在流暢經驗的頻率和強度差異之交互作用未達顯著水準。在「目標涉入」方面，流暢經驗頻率「高工作／高自我」高於「低工作／高自我」與「低工作／低自我」，「高工作／低工作」高於「低工作／高自我」；流暢經驗強度上「高工作／高自我」高於「高工作／低自我」、「低工作／高自我」與「低工作／低自我」。在自覺能力方面，流暢經驗頻率與強度皆為「高自覺能力」高於「低自覺能力」。（二）挑戰與技能間的平衡方面，流暢經驗頻率「高挑戰高技能」高於「高挑戰低技能」、「低挑戰高技能」、「低挑戰低技能」，在流暢經驗強度「高挑戰高技能」高於「高挑戰低技能」、「低挑戰低技能」。（三）在相關性考驗，「知覺挑戰」和流暢頻率和強度之「自成性經驗」、皆顯著正相關；「知覺技能」和流暢經驗頻率和強度之「專注與回饋」、「喪失自我意識」、「時間感改變」及「流暢總分」皆呈顯著正相關；「自我涉入」只和流暢經驗頻率之「自成性經驗」呈顯著負相關；「工作涉入」和流暢經驗率頻和強度之「專注與回饋」、「喪失自我意識」、「時間感的改變」及「流暢總分」皆呈顯著正相關；「自覺能力」和流暢經驗和強度之「專注與回饋」、「流暢總分」呈顯著正相關。（四）在預測情形，流暢經驗頻率為「知覺技能」、「工作涉入」，流暢經驗強度為「工作涉入」、「知覺技能」、「自覺能力」達顯著水準，為流暢經驗之有效預測變項。

關鍵字

目標涉入 ； 自覺能力 ； 流暢經驗

並列摘要

Athletes participated in 2003 Uni-President International Triathlon Championships served as participants in the present study. The athletes completed Goal Involvement Scale, Perceived Competence Scale, Balance between Challenge and Skill Scale, Flow Experience Scale. One-way and two-way ANOVA, Pearson statistic analysis, and multiple stepwise regression analysis were conducted. The results indicated that 1) there's no significant interactiors between ”goal involvement” and ”perceived competence” on the frequency and intensity of flow experience; main effect on ”goal involvement” was significant; on perceived competence, the high perceived competence group and the low perceived competence group were found differ significantly on the frequency and intensity of flow experience; 2) the difference on ”balance between challenge and skill” was found significant on the frequency and intensity of flow experience; 3) ”perceived challenge” was found to be positively related to ”autotelic experience” in the frequency and intensity of flow experience; ”perceived skill” was found to be positively related to the frequency and intensity of flow experience; ”ego-involved” was found to be negatively related to ”concentration and feedback” in the frequency of flow; ”task-involved” was found to be positively related to the frequency and intensity of flow experience; ”perceived competence” was found to be positively related to ”concentration and feedback” and ”total flow score”; 4) ”perceived skill” and ”task-involved” in the frequency of flow, and ”task-involved” ”perceived skill”, and ”perceived competence” in the intensity of flow were found to be able to predict flow experience significantly.

並列關鍵字

goal involvement ； perceived competence ； flow experience