液化澱粉芽孢桿菌Tcb45菌株應用於微生物肥料之開發

The Research and Development of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Tcb45 as Microbial Fertilizer

郭建志(Chien-Chih Kuo) ； 林煜恒(Yu-Heng Lin) ； 張世杰(Shih-Chieh Chang) ； 羅佩昕(Pei-Hsin Lo) ； 廖君達(Chung-Ta Liao)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 141號 (2020/08) Pp. 111-126

摘要

微生物肥料的開發對於臺灣永續農業的發展扮演重要的角色，同時也是國內農業研究重要的發展項目之一。國內農友長期依賴化學肥料進行農作物栽培管理，容易造成土壤劣化、產量降低或出現連作障礙，甚至病害產生等問題，更對環境造成負面影響。因此，本研究自土壤中篩選出多株有益微生物菌株，其中1株Tcb45菌株經由分子技術鑑定為液化澱粉芽孢桿菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。經由檢測分析，Tcb45菌株具有溶磷（phosphate solubilization）與嵌鐵物質（siderophore）活性，並可產生澱粉、蛋白質與纖維素分解酶，且具有耐鹽能力，培養於7%氯化鈉之培養條件下，菌量仍可達10^8 CFU/mL以上，顯示可與化學肥料混合使用之潛力。將此菌株產製成發酵液後施用於多種蔬菜作物如甘藍、白菜及萵苣等，於蔬菜苗期進行根部澆灌及生長期進行葉面噴施4～6次，便可有助於蔬菜根系之發育與生長，顯著提升產量10-20%之功效。在田間結球白菜化學肥料減量試驗結果，使用70%化學肥料量搭配Tcb45菌株施用，與慣行全量施用的處理相比，其產量並無減少情形。Tcb45微生物菌株及其量產技術，目前已技術移轉給業者及商品化，可應用於慣行栽培管理，後續進一步可應用於友善及有機栽培模式中，期能成為有助於農業的永續發展及友善環境耕作的利器。

關鍵字

微生物肥料 ； 液化澱粉芽孢桿菌 ； 溶磷作用

並列摘要

The development of microbial fertilizers plays an important role in the development of sustainable agriculture and research in Taiwan. Farmers relied on chemical fertilizers for crop cultivation and management for a long time, which could cause problems such as soil degradation, reduced yields, continuous cropping obstacles, soil diseases and had a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, in this study, we isolated and screened a number of beneficial microbial from the organic soil, one of Tcb45 strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by molecular technology. Tcb45 strain had phosphate solubilization and siderophore activities, and could produce starch, protein and cellulolytic enzymes through the detection and analysis. Tcb45 strain had salt tolerance ability, the bacteria number count can still reach more than 10^8 CFU/mL under 7% sodium chloride culture conditions after 24 hours. It showed Tcb45 strain have the potential of being mixed with chemical fertilizers. We made Tcb45 strain fermentation broth and applied to a variety of vegetable crops, such as cabbage and lettuce. During the vegetable seedling stage by root irrigation and foliar spraying 4-6 times during the growth period, it could promote growth of vegetable roots and significantly increase the yield by 10-20%. In the field study of Chinese cabbage, the yield for plants that were given 70% of the chemical fertilizer plus Tcb45 strain was equivalent to the yield for the plants that were given full amount of chemical fertilizer. The Tcb45 microbial strain and its mass production technology have been technology transferred to the biotechnology company and commercialized, and can be applied to conventional farming, furthermore it could application to friendly and organic cultivation in the future. It is expected to promotion of sustainable agriculture and friendly environment farming.

並列關鍵字

Microbial fertilizer ； Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ； Phosphate solubilization