肥料管理現況與輔導措施

Current status of fertilizer management and counseling measures

沈葆雄(Pao-Hsiung Shen) ； 黃俊欽(Chun-Chin Huang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 141號 (2020/08) Pp. 17-28

摘要

肥料為農業生產重要資材，占農產品生產成本一定比例，其品質亦左右作物生長及農民收益，農民應依作物需求及土壤肥力狀況，選擇依法登記之肥料商品並適度施肥。政府歷年皆相當重視肥料價格穩定，自民國35年實施肥料換穀政策起，歷經統籌配銷、市場自由化、漲幅價差補貼、友善農業資材補助，以至109年推動之肥料預購措施，秉持照顧農民原則，就肥料配銷、售價等採行應對措施以穩定供需及價格，安定農業生產。自97年起由行政院農業委員會所屬試驗改良場所組成「合理化施肥輔導小組」，教導農民正確肥培管理，農糧署為推動友善環境農業，獎勵農民施用有機質肥料，有助減少化學肥料施用。肥料管理法於88年公布施行，農耕使用之氮、磷、鉀（三要素）等單質肥料、複合肥料、次微量要素肥料、植物生長輔助劑、有機質肥料及微生物肥料等肥料產品應辦理登記後始得製造、輸入或販賣，政府機關依法執行製造加工廠與市售等肥料品質查驗，維護農民權益、確保作物及土壤環境安全。

關鍵字

肥料 ； 肥料政策 ； 肥料管理

並列摘要

Fertilizers are an important material for agricultural production and account for a decent percentage of agricultural inputs. The quality of fertilizers is also a determining factor for crops' growth and farmers' income. Thus farmers should choose licensed fertilizer products and apply them rationally, in accordance with crop's demand and the soil's fertility. For years, the government has put huge emphases on the stability of fertilizer prices. From the crop-for-fertilizer measure in 1946, programs like collective distribution and sales, market liberalization, subsidies on price increases, subsidies on eco-friendly materials were implemented one after another. The pre-ordering mechanism for fertilizers in 2020 adopts the same principle of prioritizing farmers by taking into account market conditions and prices to balance supply and demand for stabilized prices and production. In 2008, Agricultural Research and Extension Stations under the Council of Agriculture (COA) formed the ＂Counseling Team on Rational Use of Fertilizers＂ to educate farmers on how to perform fertility management correctly. The Agriculture and Food Agency, also an institute under the COA, rewarded farmers for using organic fertilizers, which could reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. With the promulgation of Fertilizer Management Act in 1999, fertilizers used for farming including straight fertilizers that supply nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium, compound fertilizers, secondary micro-nutrient fertilizers, plant growth aids, organic fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers are required to be registered before they can be manufactured, imported, or sold. Under that Act, the government inspects manufacturing plants and fertilizer products on the market to safeguard farmers and ensure that land and soil are properly looked after and free of safety risks.

並列關鍵字

Fertilizer ； Fertilizer policy ； Fertilizer management