羽毛生物堆肥開發和應用

Development and application of microbial inoculated feather compost

曾宥綋(You-Hong Zeng) ； 郭雅紋(Ya-Wen Kuo)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 141號 (2020/08) Pp. 85-97

摘要

本試驗探討相對高氮之羽毛生物堆肥（PIF-N）及相對高磷與鈣含量之羽毛生物堆肥（PIF-P）應用為甜椒介質試驗，堆肥接種菌株Arthrobacter ureafaciens K10及Streptomyces sp. CP3。介質處理為PIF-N、PIF-P及其分別與椰纖1:1體積比混拌，栽培期間不額外供肥以生產甜椒，試驗結果顯示甜椒種植於PIF-P處理組其單果重及累積產量皆為各處理最佳，具統計差異，顯示，調整羽毛堆肥之磷與鈣含量有助於提高堆肥品質及其應用於提高連續採收作物之產量。本試驗另探討3種不同來源或型態之羽毛生物堆肥（雞毛堆肥、鴨毛堆肥及羽毛土堆肥）於洋香瓜介質之應用效益。此3堆肥成品呈弱酸性，EC值（1:10）介於7.3-8.8dS/m，以鴨毛堆肥之水溶性鈣及鎂濃度較其他2種堆肥高，而銨離子濃度較低，7種介質處理為此3種堆肥及其與椰纖1：1混拌（V/V），另以純椰纖為對照，栽培期間區分成不額外追肥及定時定量滴灌化學養液，試驗調查結果顯示，（1）羽毛堆肥經與椰纖混拌後，栽培期間需額外給肥，可生產具市場價值之果實，（2）純羽毛堆肥栽培期間不額外給肥，其單果重與純椰纖介質額外供給化學肥料處理組無顯著差異（3）雞毛及鴨毛堆肥處理組，栽培期間額外供給化學肥料，其果實重量為各處理最佳，且與純椰纖介質額外供給化學肥料處理組達顯著差異，而果實糖度介於15.6-16.3度。結果顯示羽毛生物堆肥雖具高EC值，卻可直接應用為栽培介質，不額外施肥具生產力，額外供給肥料亦有提高作物產量及品質之潛力。

關鍵字

羽毛生物接種堆肥 ； 無土介質 ； 長肥效 ； 果菜類作物

並列摘要

Two microbial (Arthrobacter ureafaciens K10 and Streptomyces sp. CP3) inoculated feather composts, one with relative high nitrogen content (PIF-N) and the other one with relative high contents of phosphorous and calcium (PIF-P) were used as culture media for sweet pepper production. Four media included PIF-N, PIF-P, and the two composts respectively mixed with coconut fiber in 1:1 volume ratio. During cultivation period, no further fertilizer was applied. The fruit weight and accumulated yield of sweet pepper in the PIF-P treatment were significantly higher than other treatments that implied the phosphorous and calcium content in feather compost is adjustable and important for continuous harvested fruit vegetables. Another experiment focused on understanding the benefits of three different microbial inoculated feather composts include chicken feather compost (CF), duck feather compost (DF) and feather dust compost (FD) used as culture media for melon production. Slight acidity and EC range from 7.3-8.8 dS/m of the three composts were determined. The higher concentration of water soluble calcium and magnesium but lower concentration of ammonium were determined in the DF compared with the other two composts. Seven media as CF, DF, FD, coconut fiber, and the three composts respectively mixed with the coconut fiber in 1:1 volume ratio were used as media for melon production. During the melon cultivation, with or without chemical nutrients dropping were applied. Results showed (1) While melons respectively cultured in the three feather composts mixed with coconut fiber, further fertilization was necessary for producing fruits with market values. (2) While melon respectively planted in the three feather composts without fertilization, these fruit weight was no significant difference with those planted in the coconut fiber with further nutrients dropping. (3) The heaviest fruit weight was found in treatments of the CF and DF with further nutrients dropping and showed significant difference with the treatment of the coconut fiber with further nutrients dropping. The fruit TSS planted in the CF and DF with further fertilization was 16.3 and 15.6° Brix respectively. High EC value of the microbial inoculated feather composts used as culture media not only not constrain root growth but also can maintain basic yield without further fertilization, except that, further fertilization can increase crop productivity and quality.

並列關鍵字

Microbial inoculated feather compost ； Soilless medium ； Long-lasting fertility ； Fruit vegetable