「棄龍就姜」－清代黔東南地區一個苗族村寨的改姓與宗族的演變

Collective Surname Change: A Case Study of Lineage Transformation in a Miao Village in Southeast Guizhou in the Qing

張應強(Ying-Qiang Zhang)

《歷史人類學學刊》 2卷2期 (2004/10) Pp. 27-51

摘要

姓氏乃傳統中國社會構建、維護或重構宗族血緣組織及其內部認同的一個標識性符號。在清代貴州清水江下游地區，隨着大規模木材採運活動逐漸興起，區域社會在諸多方面都發生了極其重大而深刻的變化。本文通過對此區域社會歷史背景下，文斗寨龍姓人群「棄龍就姜」改變姓氏這一集體行為及其宗族發展演變過程的考察，揭示宗族作為一種重要的文化手段，對清水江下游地方族群互動與社會整合所產生的重要影響；並就「棄龍就姜」事例所反映出來的清代清水江下游地區獨特的宗族發展模式、宗族形態及宗族在地方社會生活中的表達方式等，進行了初步的探索，力圖從一個側面釐清在不同文化背景下區域社會如何逐步建構國家認同的歷史過程。

關鍵字

清代 ； 貴州 ； 宗族 ； 苗族

並列摘要

In traditional Chinese society, surnames were a key symbolic marker for the creation, maintenance and reconstruction of lineage organization and identity. In the lower reaches of the Qingshui river (Guizhou province) during the Qing, the development of the lumber industry led to profound changes in regional society. In the context of local social history, this paper examines the history of lineage organization among the Long surname of Wendou village, and their collective decision to ＂abandon the Long [surname] and adopt the Jiang [surname]＂, in order to illustrate how lineage organization could serve as an important cultural tool with significant impact on local group interaction and social adjustment. This case reveals distinctive local models of lineage development, lineage structure, and lineage expression in social life. The purpose is to shed light on the gradual historical process of constructing national identity in local society in different cultural contexts.

並列關鍵字

Qing dynasty ； Guizhou ； lineage organization ； Miao (ethnic group)