宋季忠義的歷史書寫研究－從袁桷《延祐四明志》未立袁鏞傳談起

Historical Writings on Loyalists in the Late Song Dynasty

熊燕軍(Yanjun XIONG)

《歷史人類學學刊》 16卷2期 (2018/10) Pp. 1-42

摘要

袁鏞及其家人抗元殉節的故事是宋季忠義傳奇的一種。一直以來，人們對袁桷《延祐四明志》未立袁鏞傳一事頗多爭議，認為袁桷違背中國傳統史學「直書實錄」精神，故意不為袁鏞立傳。事實上，從歷史書寫的角度看，袁桷編修《延祐四明志》時，文獻中尚無袁鏞殉節的相關記載，而整個故事其實都來自後人的塑造。宋季忠義的歷史書寫雖然與傳統忠義觀有關，實際更多受時代背景、書寫者身份及文本主題、類型的影響。從書寫者的角度看，宋季忠義歷史書寫的動機是多元、多變的，但終極目的毫無例外都與個人在「當下」的資源競爭和分享有關。

關鍵字

袁鏞 ； 忠義 ； 歷史書寫 ； 袁桷 ； 《延祐四明志》

並列摘要

The story of Yuan Yong and his whole family fighting against the Mongols is among the legends of loyalists in the late Song Dynasty. Scholars had been discussing the reasons for that Yuan Jue did not include a biography of Yuan Yong in The Siming Gazetteers in the Reign of Yanyou that he edited. Some thought that Yuan Jue omitted Yuan Yong on purpose and thus violated the rule of being honest in Chinese traditional historiography. In fact, when Yuan Jue was writing The Siming Gazetteers in the Reign of Yanyou, there was not any record about Yuan Jue's martyrdom since the whole story was fabricated later. The historical writings of the loyalists in the late Song Dynasty were much influenced by the historical context, authorship, and the genre of texts. Writing about loyalists in the late Song was a project bearing multiple goals, but the ultimate motivation was, without an exception, that individuals tried to compete for more resources.

並列關鍵字

Yuan Yong ； loyalists ； historical writing ； Yuan Jue ； The Siming Gazetteers in the Reign of Yanyou