苗族、基督教與現代性－石門坎的民族學研究

Miaozu, Christianity, and Modernity: A Critical Review on ＂Shimenkan Study＂

黃淑莉(Shu-Li HUANG)

《歷史人類學學刊》 17卷1期 (2019/04) Pp. 67-112

摘要

石門坎是解放以前阿卯（Ahmao，大花苗）的基督教信仰與知識生產中心，這個小山村可能是在中國近代民族學史中，積聚最多研究能量的單一地點和人群。石門坎自從「被發現」以來，就是以一種「另類現代性」的樣貌被傳頌讚揚，也因着它獨特的現代性譜系而背負着不被理解的污名。本篇文章從民族學知識史的角度，回顧改革開放以來的石門坎研究，具體呈現石門坎現代性如何從一個禁忌話題，在逐漸去基督教化的論述中，轉生成為阿卯現代性的歷史遺跡，走進當代的新興文化產業中。

關鍵字

主體敘事 ； 族群自我 ； 肯認政治 ； 世俗主義

並列摘要

Framed as a critical review of five historical ethnographies published between 1992 and 2015, this paper offers an intellectual history of the study ofShimenkan. Shimenkan is a small rural village near the provincial border between Yunnan and Guizhou. It is also known as the center of Ahmao Christianity and of the Ahmao literacy tradition before the communist state took over in 1950. Because Shimenkan's church-school system was very successful in transforming the ＂savage Ahmao＂ into ＂literate Christians＂ / ＂Chinese citizens＂, it has attracted abundant attention from Chinese ethnologists since the 1930s. Thus the history and ethnography of the village have been well-documented. And perhaps Shimenkan should be credited as one of the most famous villages in southwestern China. The contrast between Christian Shimenkan before 1950 and Communist Shimenkan after 1980 constitutes the theme of the recent ＂Shimenkan Fever＂. This paper examines examines ＂ethnological interventions＂ on Shimenkan narratives, identifies the bias that has consistently existed in Shimenkan study, and argues that the bias has made Christianity less and less relevant to Ahmao modernity.

並列關鍵字

subject narrative ； the ethnic self ； politics of recognition ； secularism