馬六甲華人甲必丹蔡士章與寶山亭之研究

A Study on the Chinese Kapitan Chua Su Cheong And the Poh San Teng Temple in Malacca

阮湧俰(Weng Woe YON) ； 侯慧雯(Eunice Huey Wen HAU)

《歷史人類學學刊》 18卷1期 (2020/04) Pp. 47-73

摘要

蔡士章（1750-1802），福建省漳州府海澄縣謝倉人，是馬六甲閩南籍華人甲必丹。在任職馬六甲華人甲必丹的數年間，他秉公辦事，政績突出：同時他還是一位體恤民情、樂善好施的慈善家，因此受到當地華人的擁戴。他在任職時期對馬六甲華人社會最大的貢獻，莫過於1795年在三寶山山腳下興建寶山亭及在1801年修建青雲亭，以解決當地華人社會的民生需求。在此期間，蔡士章亦不忘先祖宗德，回鄉修母親之墓，同時還捐資購置祭田，供「謝倉蔡氏家廟」之用。然而，在蔡士章逝世之後，馬大甲華人社會對於蔡士章最初創建寶山亭的本意，似乎存有偏差。在現今馬六甲的華人社會或旅遊業者的認知中，都將寶山亭和鄭和混為一談，甚至認為蔡士章當年是為了紀念鄭和而創建寶山亭。然而，蔡士章創建寶山亭之本意，卻未必與現今社會說法一致。故此，本文通過對蔡士章的生平及其留下的文獻進行整理，探討蔡士章創建寶山亭之本意，以釐清寶山亭與鄭和之間的關係。

關鍵字

馬六甲 ； 華人甲必丹 ； 蔡士章 ； 寶山亭 ； 鄭和

並列摘要

Chua Su Cheong (1750-1802), the Chinese Kapitan of Malacca, was born in Xiecang of Haicheng County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. During his tenure as the Chinese Kapitan at Malacca, Chua Su Cheong was well-known for handling local affairs impartially and achieved outstanding accomplishments. At the same time, he was a compassionate philanthropist, for which he was supported and well-liked by the local Chinese community. His greatest contribution to the Chinese society in Malacca was constructing the Poh San Teng Temple at the foot of the Bukit China in 1795 and the Cheng Hoon Teng Temple in 1801. Both temples answered to the democratic needs of the local Chinese society. In addition, Chua Su Cheong cherished his ancestors: he returned to hometown to repair his mother's tomb and also made donations to purchase the sacrifice field for the ＂Xiecang Chua Family Temple＂. However, after Chua Su Cheong's death, the Chinese community in Malacca seemed to misremember Chua Su Cheong's original intention of building the Poh San Teng Temple. Today, the Chinese community and the tourist guides in Malacca always mention the Poh San Teng Temple and Zheng He together, and they even think the reason that Chua Su Cheong founded the Poh San Teng Temple was to memorize Zheng He. However, is Chua Su Cheong's original intention of establishing the Poh San Teng Temple consistent with the present-day belief? By investigating Chua Su Cheong's life and the documents he left behind, this article explores Chua Su Cheong's original intention to build the Poh San Teng Temple and aims to clarify the relationship between the Poh San Teng Temple and Zheng He.

並列關鍵字

Malacca ； Chinese Kapitan ； Chua Su Cheong ； Poh San Teng Temple ； Zheng He

參考文獻

C. S. Wong, A Gallery of Chinese Kapitans (Singapore: Government Printing Office, 1963), 6.

《呷國青雲亭條規簿》(未出版，副本藏於馬來西亞華社研究中心)，頁1。

崇報堂族譜編委會，《謝倉蔡氏崇報堂族譜》(海澄:崇報堂理事會，2001 )，頁60。

莊欽永，〈《謝倉蔡氏家譜》考略〉，載莊欽永，《新呷華人史新考》(新加坡:南洋學會，1990)，頁48-49。

黃文斌、沈潤遠，〈蔡士章〉，載何啟良主編，《馬來西亞華人人物誌》(第一冊)(八打靈再也:拉曼大學中華研究中心，2014 )，頁31。