「由苦到安」－印尼客家華人成為穆斯林的情緒表述

＂From Suffering to Peace of Mind＂: Emotional Expressions of the Indonesian Hakka in the Process of Becoming Muslim

蔡芬芳(Fen-fang TSAI)

《歷史人類學學刊》 18卷2期 (2020/10) Pp. 29-65

摘要

「通婚」確實是成為穆斯林的主因，但易將改宗定格在結婚，而未能將之視為一個長期過程，甚或在非穆斯林華人眼中，可能是因為被下蠱才改宗。然而，不論是通婚，或是遭受巫術，又或是其他原因，如此觀點完全忽略改宗者的生命經驗在宗教信仰改變上所施展的影響力。為凸顯改宗者實有其作為主體的能動性，亦因在研究過程中注意到改宗者的情緒變化，因此本文以情緒作為探究印尼山口洋與班達亞齊的客家華人進入伊斯蘭經驗之出發點，將之視為「意義製造者」，有其改宗的「個人模式」。本篇文章從根植於生活脈絡中的情感表達，理解研究參與者在走向伊斯蘭的道途上所經歷的苦痛與平靜，在「臣服」於阿拉的過程中，改宗者意識到自己今昔差異，重整其意義體系結構，自我認知發生變化。

關鍵字

印尼客家華人 ； 穆斯林 ； 改宗 ； 情緒

並列摘要

Intermarriage is the main reasonfor Indonesian Hakka people to become Muslim. The common view that the conversion happened at a specific point of time-getting married to a Muslim, however, can be problematic. Becoming a Muslim is a long-term process. The non-Muslim Chinese often consider those who convert to Islam lacking agency and even see the conversion as a result of being enchanted. In conducting her research, the author has noticed that those Indonesian Hakka who converted to Islam have undergone changes emotionally. This article takes their emotion as the point of departure to explore their experiences in embracing Islam, showing their acting agency. The author sees those people as ＂meaning-makers＂ who have their ＂personal models＂ in conversion. This article aims to uncover the suffering and peace of mind embedded in the converts' lives when they were on the road to embracing Islam. In this process, those who become Muslims are aware that their current selves are different from the past. They reconstruct the meaning system of their existence, and their self-recognition is thus changed.

並列關鍵字

Hakka in Indonesia ； Islam ； conversion ； emotion

參考文獻

威廉．詹姆斯(William James)著，蔡怡佳、劉宏信譯，《宗教經驗之種種》(臺北:立緒文化事業有限公司，2001 )。

James B. Pratt, The Religions Consciousness (New York: Hafner, 1971)

Siauw Giap, Islam and Chinese Assimilation in Indonesia and Malaysia, in Chinese Beliefs and Practices in Southeast Asia, ed. Cheu Hock Tong (Selangor Darul Ehsan: Pelanduk Publications, 1993), 59-100

Michael Jacobsen, "Islam and Processes of Minorisation among Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia: Oscillating between Faith and Political Economic Expediency," Asian Ethnicity 6: 2 (2005): 71-87

曹雲華，《變異與保持：東南亞華人的文化適應》(臺北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2010 )