水利秩序中的商業要素－南宋至民初徽州呂堨管理方式之演變

Commercial Elements in Water Control: A Case Study of the Changing Procedures of Lyuhui's Water Management in Huizhou from the Southern Song to the Early Republic of China

余康(Kang YU)

《歷史人類學學刊》 19卷1期 (2021/04) Pp. 37-63

摘要

長期以來，有關農田水利管理的討論多是在「國家─社會／官方─民間」的二元框架下進行的，但這一模式並不足以解釋不同時空之間水利管理方式的演變。倘以徽州呂堨為考察重點，則呈現出以下歷史面相：雖然國家干預與地方勢力確對水利管理產生重要影響，但商業因素的作用同樣不可忽視。當地水利管理經歷「管甲制」、「堨首─里老雙層制」、「堨董─堨首雙層制」與「堨董制」等數次變化，包括商業資本、市鎮、跨區米糧市場等在內的商業因素均參與其中。這些能超社區或跨地域的因素，不僅改變國家與地方諸勢力的呈現方式，也最終將自身轉化為管理機制的一部份。有關呂堨個案的分析嘗試超越二元框架，展現商業因素逐步嵌入到當地人生活並成為建構社會秩序要素的歷史過程。

關鍵字

徽州呂堨 ； 水利管理 ； 商業要素

並列摘要

Nowadays, discussions about irrigation management in Chinese history are still under the shadow of a binary ＂state-society＂ framework. This model, however, is insufficient to explain all the changes to water control in different times and places. In the case of Lyuhui in Huizhou, both the state's intervention and local powers exerted strong influences, but we cannot ignore the impact of commercial factors. Through a long historical period, many institutional changes were made to the management of the irrigation system. Still, ultimately, commercial elements (such as commercial capital, market towns, and the rice markets) played essential roles in this changing process. Thus, this essay seeks to transcend the binary ＂state-society＂ model and show how commercial elements became embedded within people's daily lives and became critical parts of the social order.

並列關鍵字

Huizhou ； Lyuhui ； Water control ； Commercial elements

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