基於教學層面之話語標記「並」的語用功能初探

An Investigation of the Pragmatic Function of the Discourse Marker Bing Based on the Pedagogical Level

吳默(Mo Wu)

《華語學刊》 30期 (2021/06) Pp. 19-41

摘要

「並」是現代漢語的高頻詞，也是華語教學中的重點與難點。「並」有動詞、副詞與連詞的用法，其中，以語氣副詞「並」的用法最為特殊。因此本文對語氣副詞「並」的語用功能進行探討，其語用意涵一為反預期話語標記，主要表達申辯反駁的語用功能，此時「並」是話語標記；二為焦點信息的話語標記，通過或並列或對比的方式，表達說話人需要引起聽話人重視的語用意涵。此外，語氣副詞「並」的新用，也屬於話語標記層面的擴大、泛化與活用，目的是為了滿足人際互動功能。本文希望在探討語用意涵的基礎上，通過瞭解「並」在教學材料中的語法呈現，提出「並」適用於教學的可行策略，以期對該語言項目的實際教學操作過程產生積極影響。

關鍵字

並 ； 語氣副詞 ； 反預期 ； 話語標記 ； 語用功能

並列摘要

The word bing (並) is a high-frequency word in modern Chinese language, and it is also a key issue and difficult point when Chinese is being taught as a second language. There are many usages of bing, for example it can be used as verb, adverb, and conjunction. Among them, the adverb bing is used in the most unusual way. Therefore, this paper discussed the discourse function of the modal adverb bing, which is mainly used as a discourse marker of counter-expectation, expressing the pragmatic function of arguing against, in which bing is a discourse marker; Secondly, it is a discourse marker of focus information, expressing the meaning that the speaker needs to draw the attention of the hearer by juxtaposition or contrast. In addition, the innovative use of bing is also an expansion, generalization, and activation at the discourse marker level. The aim is to realize the interpersonal interaction function. The study proposed feasible strategies of bing in teaching and learning based on exploring the pragmatic connotations and overviewing the grammatical presentation of bing in teaching materials, with a view to positively influencing the actual teaching process of this word.

並列關鍵字

bing ； modal adverb ； counter-expectation ； discourse marker ； pragmatic function