超臨界流体技術研究之發展

Development on the Research of Supercritical Fluid Extraction

王少芬(Shao-Fen Wang) ； 魏建謨(Chien M. Wai) ； 瞿港華(Kong-Hwa Chiu)

《化學》 57卷2期 (1999/06) Pp. 131-142

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1999015

摘要

近年來，超臨界說体萃取(SFE)和其相關研究，正蓬勃地發展，也越受國際上的重視。隨著人們對環環境保護的高度重視，常用的有機溶劑，正被超臨界流体二氧化碳(SF-CO_2)所取代。從八○年代初以來，在SFE領域裡發表的文章迅速增長，報導的範圍也越來越廣泛，過去所報導的技術，主要是在相平衡方面，及其少數應用，如去除咖啡中的咖啡因之應用等，目前SFE的相關研究已擴及環境毒物的監測、環境整治、食品工業、石化、超臨界流體二氧化碳的化學反應等等。本文將報導SFE技術目前動向，介紹超臨界流体應用在分析化學裡，特別在金屬的萃取原理及其機制，超臨界流体相關之化學基礎研究，以及化學工業上的廣泛應用，並同時介紹其在科技領域中的未來發展與前景。

關鍵字

超臨界流体 ； 萃取 ； 螯合劑 ； 金屬聲合物 ； 溶合能力

並列摘要

Recently, the research related to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is flourishing and also being globall y considered important. The frequently used organ ic solvents are replaced by supercritical Fluids (SFs) due to the high toxic characteristic s of those solvents. Since 80's, the amount of papers with respect to SFE technique increases tremendously. Those papers were used to discuss the phase balance of SFs as well as their applications, e.g., decaffeination. However, current researches regarding SFE have broadened to a variety of fields, from monitoring and remediation of environmental problems, food industry, pharmaceutical applications, polymer and natural application, chemical reaction in SFCO_2 and etc. This paper will discus s the application of SFs in analytical chemistry, and will specifically stress the supercritical extraction of metal species and its mechani sm. In addition, the fundamental research of SFs and their industrial application will be touched. Finally, The patential development and prospect of SFs in the future will be introduced.

並列關鍵字

supercritical fluid ； extraction ； ligand ； metal chelate ； solvating power