雙金屬錯合物應用於二氧化碳與環氧化物共聚合反應之催化研究

Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides Catalyzed by Bimetallic Complexes

蘇昱嘉(Yu-Chia Su) ； 柯寶燦(Bao-Tsan Ko)

《化學》 78卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 251-260

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.202012_78(4).007

摘要

利用適當的金屬觸媒系統催化二氧化碳／環氧化物進行共聚合反應，可合成具環境友善的脂肪族聚碳酸酯高分子。此聚合反應也可以有效地消耗溫室氣體二氧化碳，達到減碳及固碳的目標。此類高分子聚合物具有生物可降解的優點，對於大自然環境之永續發展有重要的幫助。而選用高效率的催化劑催化二氧化碳與環氧化物共聚合反應之方式可以有效地控制聚合物分子量，使分子量分布度維持在狹窄的範圍內，並且可以利用調整分子量大小、高分子鏈之立體選擇性進而改變其機械性質。本文將探討不同金屬觸媒設計對此類共聚合反應之催化性質。在觸媒的設計上，除了需具備良好的催化活性外，亦應保有良好的聚合選擇性，減少副產物（環碳酸酯或聚醚類鏈段）的產生。文中將針對可有效催化二氧化碳／環氧化物共聚合反應之雙核金屬催化劑做文獻回顧以及未來展望。

關鍵字

二氧化碳 ； 環氧化物 ； 催化 ； 雙核金屬錯合物 ； 鋅金屬錯合物 ； 鈷金屬錯合物 ； 鎳金屬錯合物 ； 脂肪族聚碳酸酯

並列摘要

Increasing attention has been recently paid to the technological development of chemical fixation of carbon dioxide due to its abundant, inexpensive, nonflammable and bio-renewable nature. One of carbon dioxide (CO_2) fixation investigations is metal complex-catalyzed copolymerization of CO_2 and epoxides by adequate and effective catalysts to produce biodegradable polycarbonates. This process also gives the advantages of CO_2 removal and reuse. This review covers recent developments on the synthesis of aliphatic polycarbonates through the copolymerization of CO_2/epoxides using bimetallic complexes. In addition to good catalytic activity, it is also important to such catalysts for the generation of copolymers having well-controlled characters, such as the copolymer/copolymerization selectivity, controllable molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and stereoregularity control. As a result, we mainly focus on the literature reviews and future prospects of well-characterized metal catalysts derived from various metal complexes of cobalt, chromium, magnesium, nickel, and zinc ions as well as diverse ancillary ligands that efficiently catalyze copolymerization of this kind.

並列關鍵字

Carbon dioxide ； Epoxide ； Catalysis ； Dinuclear metal complex ； Zinc complex ； Cobalt complex ； Nickel complex ； Aliphatic polycarbonate