開發電化學觸媒於電解產氨之研究與發展

The Studies of Developing Electrochemical Catalysts for Ammonia Evolution by Electrocatalysis

張嘉哲(Chia-Che Chang) ； 白瓦珊(Shivaraj B. Patil) ； 王迪彥(Di-Yan Wang)

《化學》 80卷3期 (2022/06) Pp. 273-284

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.202206_80(3).009

摘要

由於環保意識的抬頭，工業上有些重要的化合物合成方式過於耗能。其中氨（NH_3）就是其中最重要的一種化合物。氨的應用範圍相當廣泛，例如：植物肥料到化學炸藥都需要氨做為其原料。而目前氨的合成方法依然使用高耗能的哈伯法製造。近期的研究顯示，電化學產氨被認為是有潛力取代哈伯法製氨的一種方式。然而，這個方法本身具有幾個限制因素，例如：氮氣在觸媒表面的吸附能力較低及電化學還原的過程中與析氫反應的競爭等，此兩個因素導致產氨低產率的問題。因此，至今科學研究正在努力尋找解決這問題。另一個概念是從硝酸根的回收再利用電化學產氨的方式來思考，農業蓬勃發展至今，氮基肥料的貢獻功不可沒，半導體業在製程過程中也使用大量的硝酸鹽類。因此造成了另一個隱形的憂患—NO3^-。如果排出許多NO3^-到自然水源中，對環境甚至我們的健康會造成威脅。因此，在本文章中，分享我們近期在研究上針對電催化氮氣還原反應（NRR）、硝酸根還原反應（NtRR）兩個主題的初步研究成果，希望提供對這領域有興趣的研究學者能夠有初步的認識，並提供電催化NRR及NtRR現今挑戰的觀點。

關鍵字

氮氣還原 ； 硝酸根還原 ； 電催化 ； 二硫化鐵 ； 1T-二硫化鉬

並列摘要

Owing to wide applications including fertilizers, explosives, ammonia has acquired great interest in the global industrial production. Recently, electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has recognized as promising alternative approach to high energy Haber-Bosch process through which NH_3 being produced industrially today. Since electrochemical NRR is at early stage of development, enormous amount of efforts has been applied in conceptualization of reaction mechanism along with screening of electrocatalysts and electrolytes and to solve the problems such as low N_2 absorption, selectivity, and low NH_3 yield rate. Nitrate (NO_3^-) reduction reaction (NtRR) is considered as a green alternative method for the conventional method of NH3 synthesis (Haber-Bosch process), which is known as a high energy consuming and large CO_2 emitting process. This exposed everyone to various ill effects of NO_3^-. Considering the presence of various nitrogen derived compounds around and excessive adoption of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture to improve the crop yield has led to high concentration nitrate (NO_3^-) contamination of groundwater and drinking water sources. It should be noted that nitrate stands next to pesticides in most common chemical contaminants of water resources and can pose serious risks to living organisms. In this article, we introduced that developing electrochemical catalysts for ammonia evolution by electrocatalysis for inspiring the researchers to focus on this field.

並列關鍵字

Nitrogen reduction reaction ； Nitrate reduction reaction ； Electrocatalysis ； Iron pyrite ； 1T-molybdenum disulfide