1970年代之前中華民國赦免實踐的傳統色彩──以「復仇」、「官蔭」與「留養」為主的討論

本文主要整理歷來南京國民政府與行憲後中華民國政府於公報上刊載之特赦令及特案減刑令，針對其中幾種深具傳統中國法色彩的特殊案例，如因孝子孝女報殺父之仇而獲特赦的三案（1933年鄭繼成、1936年施劍翹、1943年楊維騫）；以為名將留後、功名庇蔭後代為由的免死減刑案（1957年黃效先），以及以存留養親之人道考量為由的減刑案（1970年楊玉城），進行討論。這幾種類型訴諸傳統倫常，理由相當復古，在各類案例中非常突出，具體展現傳統儒家孝道、差序社會的觀念，與繼受西方法之後的現代法律規範間的價值衝突。此外，在這些特殊案件中，統治者如何工具性地利用價值觀的差距，遂行其政治目的，也是另一個值得玩味的觀察重點。

關鍵字

赦免；特赦；減刑；傳統中國法；復仇；庇蔭；存留養親

並列摘要

This article sorts out different types of pardons and commutations collected from the bulletins released by the R.O.C. governments during the Nanking and Taipei periods that demonstrate a marked traditionalism. These include three cases in which the principle of "avenging a father's death" was taken into consideration (Zheng Jicheng 鄭繼成 [1933], Shi Jianqiao 施劍翹 [1936] and Yang Weiqian 楊維騫 [1943]); one that invoked the principle of "exemption due to inheritance of officialdom's privileges" (Huang Xiaoxian 黃效先 [1957]); and one that turned on the principle of "sparing a remaining descendant to support the parents" (cunliu yangqin 存留養親) (Yang Yucheng 楊玉城 [1970]). These cases show a strong contrast with cases judged on principles of modern jurisprudence received from Europe. They were based on traditional concepts such as the Confucian ideal of filial piety and a status-based social order, which contradict the values of the modern jurisprudence derived from Western law. Apart from that, it is equally intriguing to see how in those particular cases the regime manipulated the gaps between these two value systems to achieve its own political agenda.

並列關鍵字

amnesty ； pardon ； commutation ； Chinese traditional law ； revenge ； inheritance of officialdom's privileges ； sparing a remaining descendant for parents (cunliu yangqin)