非形式邏輯論證評價分析－以左傳「燭之武退秦師」為例

A Case Study of The Informal Logic Argument Evaluation –＂Zhu Zhiwu induced Qin's Troops to Retreat＂ in Zuo Zhuan

葉定國

《通識教育與多元文化學報》 7期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-28

摘要

左傳「燭之武退秦師」是春秋時期著名的外交事例，也是一個成功的外交說服論證。本文首先透過與其它史料相互參照梳理的結果，發現燭之武的論證中隱含了大量如鄭國的處境、秦晉之間的歷史經驗和國家利益的爭奪等外交因素和條件，這些條件和因素都為燭之武的外交辭令提供強而有力的潛在支持，增強了其論證的有效性。其次透過論證軟體的分析，可以了解燭之武的外交辭令雖不是強論證，但對目標聽眾秦伯而言是一個有效論證，也順利達到外交說服的目的。

關鍵字

論證評價 ； 非形式邏輯 ； 秦國 ； 鄭國

並列摘要

＂Zhu Zhiwu induced Qin's Troops to Retreat＂ was a famous and successful diplomacy affair in the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. It was recorded in the Chun-Qiu Zuo Zhuan. The first, by passing compared with Xin Xu, there were lots of important background was hided in this historical event. By used analysis way of informal logical, we could understand more hidden details in this historical event. At the same time, Second, I would use the ＂Diagrams Model of Argument＂ which was an analysis technique widely used in introductory logic and informal logic and tried to reflect actual argument in inclusive of the complicated relation in statements to analysis this historical event and try to find some new approaches to realize those historical diplomacy cases.

並列關鍵字

Zuo Zhuan ； pragmatics ； informal logic ； argument