重新審視博物館與文創產業──臺灣的困境與機會

Re-examining Museums and Cultural and Creative Industries in Taiwan: Challenges and Opportunities

朱紀蓉(Chi-Jung Chu)

《博物館學季刊》 26卷3期 (2012/07) Pp. 101-109

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.201207_26(3).0007

摘要

繼〈博物館與創意產業：臺灣的迷思〉一文之後，本文將臺灣的博物館與文創產業近年來的發展，放在相關政策與社會變化的脈絡下，重新審視兩者的關係。透過文創政策形成的背景與發展，本文首先指出，文創產業涵蓋範疇過廣，以及文創在定義上的模糊本質，造成它在政策制定與實踐上容易失焦。此一缺點導致博物館在文創資源分配的版圖下，缺乏確切的位置，不易得到穩定且持續的資源挹注。本文提出「故宮例外主義」，認為作為巨星博物館的故宮，因其政治、文化的特殊地位，文創發展的操作模式並不適用於臺灣其他博物館。再者，中小型的博物館，因為組織與治理型態的不同，會因文創活動的持續活絡，在質與量上發生變化與整合。最後，博物館的超級大展，因為私部門加入不同的文創操作方式，發展出臺灣博物館特有的文創經驗──文化活動與大眾娛樂徹底融合，而展覽本身，則可能因過度的文創宣傳活動而失焦。

關鍵字

文創產業 ； 臺灣 ； 故宮博物院 ； 文化消費

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between museums and cultural and creative industries (CCI) in Taiwan by extending earlier research on the subject and exploring recent developments in CCI in relation to museums in Taiwan. A broad overview of CCI policies adopted by the government of Taiwan since the early 2000s is provided and the differences between CCI in the UK and Taiwan are discussed. It is proposed that some CCI activities promoted by the government appeal largely to people of higher incomes. In addition, the author argues that Taiwan is limited to CCI activities mainly related to creativity. CCI development in relation to museums is discussed in detail and the issue of ＂National Palace Museum Exceptionalism＂ is explored. The National Palace Museum's highly privileged position as a ＂superstar museum＂ and its political importance have led to the development of CCI programs that are not applicable to other museums in Taiwan. The author also proposes that medium- and small-scale museum contributions to CCI development are limited or intangible due to lack of capacity and resources. Nevertheless, CCI development in general provides a dynamic environment for small museums to rethink their cultural and economic positions. Lastly, recent CCI development efforts in museums have prompted blockbuster exhibitions leading to more commercial and promotional activities by the private sector as event co-organizers. CCI development has justified and deepened commercial activities for museums, leading to a broad mixture of high culture, popular culture and entertainment/leisure.

並列關鍵字

cultural and creative industries ； Taiwan ； National Palace Museum ； cultural consumption

參考文獻

朱紀蓉(2011)。新自由主義與英國的博物館發展。博物館學季刊。25(2)，5-17。

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