This article focuses on Martin Luther's theology of the cross, and can be divided into three main parts, The first part analyzes the concept of the theology of the cross in the context of the Heidelberg Disputation of 1518. The second part introduces Jürgen Moltmann's and Michael Welker's critical reception of Martin Luther's theology of the cross. From the interdisciplinary perspective of law and religion, the third part gives a new interpretation of the theology of the cross.