論阿奎那德性倫理學對古典德性論的揚棄－以amicitia為中心的探討

Transformation of Thomas Aquinas' Virtue Ethics: A Discussion Centered on Amicitia

趙琦(ZHAO Qi)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 268-295

摘要

在哲學史上，托馬斯．阿奎那長期以來被判定為經院哲學的亞里士多德主義者，基於該教條當代學者大多以亞里士多德的理智中心論解讀阿奎那的德性學說，導致其德性學說被忽視與誤讀的命運。儘管阿奎那的德性倫理學繼承了亞里士多德德性理論的諸多方面，卻在德性內涵與整體圖景上揚棄了以亞里士多德為典範的古典德性理論。鑑於此，本文嘗試從阿奎那的amicitia觀念入手，說明阿奎那如何以amicitia統一源自基督教與古希臘的不同德性傳統並完成了對古典德性論的揚棄。

關鍵字

托馬斯．阿奎那 ； 友誼 ； 德性

並列摘要

In the history of philosophy, Thomas Aquinas has for a long time been seen asa Scholastic Aristotelian. This view has exerted a huge influence on the contemporary interpretation of Aquinas' virtue ethics. In fact, this doctrine has seriously obscured the originality of Aquinas's thought, and furthermore, it has also led to the long-term neglect of his virtue theory. Although Aquinas inherited diverse aspects of Aristotelian virtue theory, in his own unique way, he then transformed the content of virtue and the whole structure of Aristotle's virtue ethics that centered on secular reason. Aquinas borrowed Aristotle's philia and created the unique concept of Human-God friendship, amicitia. By making amicitial the form of all virtues, Aquinas constructed a new theological system of virtue ethics that unifies Christian virtue theories, as well as those of the Greek tradition. In this sense, Aquinas succeeded in transforming Aristotelian virtue ethics.

並列關鍵字

Thomas Aquinas ； Friendship ； Virtue