人本主義與超越人本主義－一個基於哈茨霍恩與安樂哲的對話

Humanism and Beyond Humanism: A Dialogue Based on Hartshorne and Ames

王計然(WANG Jiran)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 296-323

摘要

哈茨霍恩和安樂哲在過程宇宙論上有不少觀點重疊，在有神論上卻截然不同。安樂哲將過程宇宙論的原則運用於入對儒學人觀的詮釋，建構出角色倫理。角色倫理在一定程度上揚棄了血親之仁的不足，將儒學視為一種以人為中心的或人本主義的學說。它可啓發過程思想家將過程形而上學擴展用於倫理學的討論。哈茨霍恩則系統地建構了與過程宇宙論相協調的有神論。這種有神論肯定人之成長、創造和世界萬有的內在價值，可與角色倫理相協調。更重要的是，它回應了價值在時間流逝中湮滅這一與過程宇宙論相伴而生的問題，對角色倫理學有補充意義。

關鍵字

哈茨霍恩 ； 安樂哲 ； 萬有在神論 ； 角色倫理學 ； 儒耶對話

並列摘要

With many shared ideas on process cosmology, Charles Hartshorne and Roger Ames differentiate from each other on the issue of theism. Ames introduces the principles of process cosmology into the interpretation of the Confucian view of human nature and ethics. By this, he alleviates the defects of Ren of Consanguinity (血親之仁) and argues that Confucianism is a tradition without the idea of transcendental theism but instead has a human-centered religious sense. This human-centered religious sense refers mainly to one's growth and creation in his/her correlativeness and cooperation with others in the world. This idea is an inspiration to process thinkers expanding process metaphysics to the theory of social life. In harmony with process cosmology, Hartshorne puts forward a theism which is different from the kind of theism refused by Ames, but his theism is compatible with Ames' humanism by its affirmation of human growth and creation and of the intrinsic value in all things in the world. Furthermore, theism can solve the problem of value annihilation in the temporal world -- a problem highlighted by process cosmology -- better than role ethics and the classic theory of immortality in Confucianism raised by Qian Mu (錢穆). Therefore, Hartshorne's theism could be a complementary to Ames's Confucian role ethics with humanism as its characteristic.

並列關鍵字

Charles Hartshorne ； Roger Ames ； Panentheism ； Role Ethics ； Christian-Confucian Dialogue