德先生時代的宗教與民主－五四自由派基督徒的民主想象

The Encounter of Religion and Democracy: Focused on Liberal Protestants during the May Fourth Movement

楊衛華(YANG Weihua)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 31-61

摘要

「德先生」的提出使民主在中國漸漸享有了某種話語權威，但對中國自由派基督徒而言，第一次世界大戰對他們民主觀成型影響更大。從美國參戰到巴黎和會中國失敗之前，協約國的勝利使民主及其載體民主國家一度為基督徒所激賞，但巴黎和會的分贓性質迅即打破了他們對民主國家的幻想。不過基督徒並未因此否定民主本身，相反這只是西方不夠民主的證據，這促使他們開始反思西方民主的缺陷，而尋求民主的完善，西方片面的政治民主必須擴展到生活的全部，尤其是工業民主。他們也竭力提倡基督教的民主化和民主的基督化，鑄造兩者關係親密的譜系，借民主為信仰張本、增強基督教的吸引力的同時使民主完整化。

關鍵字

五四時期 ； 基督教 ； 民主 ； 政治民主 ； 工業民主

並列摘要

World War I was an important turning point in constructing Chinese Liberal Protestants' opinions about democracy. With the American declaration of war and then later with the victory of the Allies, the prestige of democracy and democratic countries reached a peak in Chinese Christians' minds. But when the grievous news came from Paris of the failure of China's efforts at the Paris Peace Conference, Christians became very disillusioned with democratic countries. However, they did not negate democracy itself. Instead, they saw it as evidence that western countries were somehow less democratic. Accordingly, Christians began to rethink western democracy, seeing its deficiencies, and thus to seek a better kind of democracy. They stressed that western democracy, as a partial democracy only of the political sphere, must be expanded to include all of life, especially industrial democracy. Furthermore, they did their utmost to advocate the Christianization of democracy and the democratization of Christianity. Their purpose was to preach Christianity through democracy, and to make democracy more integrated.

並列關鍵字

The May Fourth Movement ； Christianity ； Democracy ； Political Democracy ； Industrial Democracy