印度的佛教公共外交

Buddhist Public Diplomacy of India: Goals, Strategies and Defects

劉宇光(Lawrence Y.K. Lau)

《禪與人類文明研究》 11期 (2022/06) Pp. 11-29

摘要

本文探討近年印度在佛教公共外交的舉措及引伸的相關議題，包括：一，現代印度為何長年忽視佛教，遺忘借此充實與其他亞洲國家之關係；二，現代印度為何與佛教這個它眼中的宗教孤兒突然相認；三，探討印度的佛教公共外交在那難陀大學計劃上受挫敗的原因，並剖析過於依賴達賴如何會是一柄雙刃劍；四，穆迪在2014年之後向周邊國家伸出的佛教橄欖枝效果的成功與否；五，分析現代印度佛教軟實力從觀念、社群、知識、階層、宗教族群關係及其他方面的先天缺憾；以及，佛教作為公共外交載體，在政權工具或價值承擔之間的兩難。

關鍵字

佛教公共外交 ； 現代印度佛教 ； 穆迪 ； 中印關係 ； 尼泊爾

並列摘要

This article is a study on the India's Buddhist public diplomacy in recent years, and the related issues that arose from such policy. They are firstly, why contemporary India ignored Buddhism and rarely applied it as a tool to improve the external relationship with other Asian countries in the past; Secondly, why contemporary India suddenly recognized and emphasized her connection with Buddhism within the last several years; Thirdly, why India's Buddhist public diplomacy failed during the Nalanda University Project, and analyze how the overreliance on the Dalai Lama would be a double-edged sword for India; Fourthly, to examine the effectiveness of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's post-2014 Buddhist public diplomacy towards other countries; Fifthly, to analysis the innate weakness of the soft power of Indian Buddhism through perspectives such as ideology, community, knowledge, class, the relations of different religious groups etc. Conclusion is a discussion on Buddhism as a tool of public diplomacy would be trapped by the dilemma between political power and spiritual value.

並列關鍵字

Buddhist public diplomacy ； Contemporary Indian Buddhism ； Narendra Modi ； China-India Relationship ； Nepal