晚明佛教復興與人間佛教興起之文化省思－以晚明四大師與星雲大師為中心

Rethinking Culture from the Revitalization of Late Ming Buddhism and Vitalization of Humanistic Buddhism: A Case Study on the Four Masters in Late Ming and Venerable Master Hsing Yun

樊沁永(Fan Qinyong)

《《人間佛教叢書》2013星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究(下)》 2013 (2013/08) Pp. 82-119

摘要

自漢永平二年（西元59年）佛教傳入中國已近兩千年，其間佛教與中國儒、道兩家氤氳相蕩，對中華傳統文化的塑造起到了非常重要的作用。星雲大師作為人間佛教最為重要的當代實踐者之一，其文化思想與實踐應對時代各種問題，不但延續了晚明四大師在文化傳承上的基本特點，還更加豐富了中華文化的當代內涵。無論作為中華文化之佛教文化的個別研究，還是作為中華文化傳承之普遍性探討，都有獨特的價值。中華文化的研究向來比較關注中西古今的問題，古今問題是任何時代文化傳承都需要面對的問題，特別是中華文化有著深厚的重視文史的傳統。狹義上來講，古今問題即是我們如何繼承傳統，是縱向的考察；而中西問題更多的討論的是對待不同文化的態度，是橫向的考察。本文比較晚明四大師和星雲大師在不同時代弘揚佛法的文化意義，特別注重該問題的考察，以期對中華文化的傳承發展提供參考。

關鍵字

晚明四大師 ； 星雲大師 ； 佛教文化 ； 中華文化

並列摘要

Buddhism was introduced into China two-thousand years ago, during a period where Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism influenced each other. Thus, Buddhism played a very important role in shaping the traditional Chinese culture. Venerable Master Hsing Yun is one of the contemporary practitioners of Humanistic Buddhism whose cultural thoughts and practice have inherited the basic characteristics of the four Masters in late Ming dynasty. Humanistic Buddhism has also enriched contemporary Chinese culture, having unique values as both an individual case-study and as part of the collective exploration of inheritance in Buddhist and Chinese culture. Studies on the problems of the Chinese Culture tend to focus on the problems of the East and West as well as the past and present. When speaking, of the past and present problems, inevitably it is the problems faced by the cultural heritages of any era, particularly to those faced by the Chinese culture, which has a strong emphasis on cultural and historical tradition. From a longitudinal perspective of investigation, this paper studies how we have inherited traditional culture. From a horizontal perspective, this paper offers a discussion on the different attitudes towards different cultures, of the East and West problems. Lastly, this paper compares the cultural significance of the Dharma propagation during the period of the four Masters in late ming and during the period of Venerable Master Hsing Yun, with special attention to the issues faced in order to provide references for the inheritance development of the Chinese culture.

並列關鍵字

late Ming Masters ； Venerable Master Hsing Yun ； Buddhist culture ； Chinese culture