The position that "Aesthetic education should replace religion" was advocated by Yuan-Pei Cai who was one of the representatives of the "May Fourth Enlightenment" in China. Various theoretical grounds of this position of Yuan-Pei Cai, including the psychological ground, the educational ground and the ontological ground are analyzed and criticized in the present article. It is found that the psychological ground is profoundly affected by the scientism, positivism and various evolutionism fashionable at that time. The educational ground is based on a confusion on the relations among science, philosophy and religion, while the ontological ground is heavily based on Kant's philosophy and misunderstanding of religion in general, Christianity in particular. It is argued that the relations among science, philosophy and religion are basically compatible, instead of in mutual conflict or replacement. Therefore, aesthetic education and religion should complement each other rather than replace each other.
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