消極自由與個體自我之建構－兼論盧曼的觀點

Expounding the relation between negative freedom and self-construction: a Luhmannian perspective

張洪勝(Cheung Hung Shing)

《道風：漢語神學學刊》 11期 (1999/07) Pp. 39-63+272-273

並列摘要

In the 20th century, human beings have been suffering from lingering trauma caused by the evil wars. Thus what people have learnt is to uncover the trap of monocracy, and disseminate a kind of freedom advocated liberalism. In this way, Issiah Berlin-inspired by B. Constant-classified freedom into two categories, namely positive freedom and negative freedom. These two concepts of freedom have made profound influence on the development of political philosophy because they configure two different kinds of self-construction. In the step of this paper, the author introduces the analysis of Berlin of these two self-constructions. Obviously, Berlin stands on negative one on the behalf of its contingency, that is: self-construction should not be bounded by one definite assertion or system. In line with this thought, secondly, the author delineates the tension between two kinds of self-construction through a hermeneutic perspective: so-called before hermeneutics, weak hermeneutics, strong hermeneutics and deep hermeneutics. Thirdly, the author introduces Niklas Luhmann, a great German sociologist, in order to support the argument of the contingency of self-construction. Luhmann's system illustrates for us why self-construction could not and should not be bounded. Lastly, the author applies the idea of contingency of self-construction to Christian thought, to see what the scenario of faith will be.