人間佛教思潮中的菩薩戒思想－以太虛為中心的考察

Notions of Bodhisattva Precepts in the Ideological Trends of Humanistic Buddhism: An Investigative Focus on Master Taixu

夏德美(Xia Demei)

《《人間佛教叢書》2019星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究》 2019 (2020/05) Pp. 164-181

摘要

漢傳佛教菩薩戒以《梵網經》為主要依據，但在授戒原則上則以小乘聲聞戒為基礎。近代人間佛教思潮中菩薩戒再度受到廣泛關注，解決菩薩戒與聲聞戒的關係，成為傑出的佛教界人士最關注的問題之一。太虛大師對菩薩戒高度關注，菩薩戒思想構成其整體佛教變革的重要一環。太虛大師菩薩戒思想的形成和完善分為三個階段：第一、確立以《瑜伽》菩薩戒本為菩薩戒授受主要依據。第二，結合現代管理制度，提出建立菩薩學處的設想。第三、以菩薩戒統攝一切佛法，完善菩薩學處。太虛大師菩薩戒思想打破了一千多年來漢傳佛教菩薩戒的授受傳統，開啟了漢傳佛教戒律現代化的歷程。太虛大師以菩薩戒（學處）統攝佛法，為人間佛教的踐行打下了牢固的基礎。並將人間佛教思想建立在重視戒律的基礎上，可以最大限度地避免佛教世俗化，使佛教既能做入世的事業，又能保持出世的超脫。

關鍵字

人間佛教 ； 太虛大師 ； 菩薩戒

並列摘要

The bodhisattva precepts in Han Buddhism are based mainly on the Brahmajāla Sūtra. Nevertheless, the principle of conferring the precepts is founded on the sravaka precepts in the Hinayana tradition. In modern times, the notions of bodhisattva precepts in the ideological trends of Humanistic Buddhism have again attracted extensive discussions, particularly in resolving the prevalent questions regarding the connection between the bodhisattva and sravaka precepts in the Buddhist community. Master Taixu focused extensively on the bodhisattva precepts, with its ideology a major constituent to his overall reform of Buddhism. The formation and refinement of Master Taixu's notions of bodhisattva precepts can be divided into three stages: 1. Instituting the Yogacarabhumi Sastra on conferring bodhisattva precepts (《瑜伽》菩薩戒本) as the basis for the conferral of bodhisattva precepts; 2. Proposing the establishment of a bodhisattva's training through integrating modern managerial systems; 3. Incorporating all practices of the Dharma and perfecting said training with the bodhisattva precepts. Master Taixu's ideology of the bodhisattva precepts broke away from the longstanding tradition of Han Buddhism in terms of conferring and receiving the bodhisattva precepts. It initiated the modernization of precepts in Han Buddhism. Having established the bodhisattva precepts as the guide for Dharma practices, Master Taixu laid a solid foundation for practicing Humanistic Buddhism. Moreover, by establishing notions of Humanistic Buddhism grounded on precepts, this can to a large extent, avert the secularization of Buddhism. This enables Buddhism to be practiced worldwide and retain its supramundane transcendence.

並列關鍵字

Humanistic Buddhism ； Master Taixu ； bodhisattva precepts