差異化、精英化與衝突性：公眾食用野生動物狀況的調查與分析

食用野生動物作為人類社會變遷中長期既存的社會習慣現象，是極為複雜多元的社會實踐生成。在借鑑過往研究基礎上，我們設計了問卷以期對公眾食用野生動物現狀及其特徵予以揭示，為後期持續研究提供探討基礎。基於826份有效問卷的分析，本調查初步發現，當前公眾食用野生動物的總體態勢持續下降，食用野生動物並非普遍的社會現象。圍繞「性別」、「職業」、「年齡」和「文化程度」四個因素的對比分析，呈現出「性別差異化」、「消費精英化」等特徵，同時，公眾良好食用行為養成可能存在內外張力的衝突。後期可重點聚焦在「社會階層如何影響食用行為」、「公眾食用和不食用行為動機分析及其變遷機理」、「公眾良好行為學習與改善轉變的影響因素及其機理」等議題展開持續深入研究。

關鍵字

社會調查；差異化；精英化；野生動物；衝突性

並列摘要

Eating wildlife has been a long-standing social custom, and its changing pattern reflects the changes of complex and diverse social practices in societies. Leveraging on the past social surveys, this article reports the findings of a 2020 survey, with 826 completed samples on the current situation and characteristics of public consumption of wildlife in China. We find that the public consumption of wildlife has continued to decline, and that it has ceased to be a popular habit by the majority of our sample. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the four factors of gender, occupation, age and education level, the current public consumption of wildlife shows the characteristics of 'gender differentiation' and 'consumption elitism'. At the same time, there may be conflict between internal and external tensions in the cultivation of public good eating behaviour. The article also outlines some future directions of further analysis and research.