「聞一知二」的子貢跨文化英譯形象的原理初探

On What Is Behind Zigong's Image in ＂Getting to the Being of Two Things＂ in Cross Cultural English Translation

蔡新樂(CAI, Xinle)

《譒》 創刊號 (2020/10) Pp. 1-23

摘要

「聞一知十」和「聞一知二」的傳統疏解，只重數字意義，未及對準儒家的思想原理來釋義：子貢所說，既有正面的意義，又有恰恰與之相反的含義，二者同時作用才能再現其意；只有遵循中庸之道，才可企及。以數字意義來解子貢，打消了他「方人」的意味，同時將他以中庸來強辯，暗自欲與顏回一比高下的辯才形象消解於無。譯者無此意識，因而英譯等而次之。漢語既有「一字不著，盡得風流」的特色，又有反話正說、正話反說的優勢，如何在英譯中發揮之，也就成為關乎夫子之最為可愛、聰明的學生形象再塑的一個課題。而通過括弧的處理，在英文之中營造對話，或可真正在義理上復原經文的意義，在跨文化的傳遞之中有所作為。

關鍵字

聞知 ； 數字 ； 中庸 ； 反諷

並列摘要

The traditional exegesis of ＂Getting into the being of ten things＂ and ＂Getting to that of two things＂ in the Analects pays attention to the numerals concerned, putting away the principle of the Ruist thought that should be abided by in interpretation. In fact what Zigong intends to say is both positive and negative in meaning and the two sides should be seen as functioning at the same time and thus making sense. Only by upholding the Centering-the-familiar(中庸之道)can the aim be reached. The interpretation made in terms of numerals dissolves the man's liability to ＂grade people＂ and reduces to nothing his intention to speak for himself and compare himself with Yanhui (the favorite student of Master Kong) by means of the Ruist principle. The English versions are worse, compared with their Chinese counterparts, since the translators have never approached the thought. The advantages of the Chinese language in its ironical way of speaking, whose speakers can express themselves without uttering a word, should be made use of in English translation, a possible project in research concerning the recreation of the image of the loveliest and cleverest student of the Master in the target language. The present treatment of Zigong's response to the Master, adding brackets and making a dialogue between the two sides, can perhaps represent what is there in the original in intention rather than in words, illustrating a better application of the Ruist principle.

並列關鍵字

hearing and knowing ； numeral ； zhongyong(中庸) ； irony